滑移的

The main factors affecting the soil-structure interface behaviors were found experimentally and theoretically, including: 1 the thickness of the interface that is five to six times the average grain size of the soil; 2 the aeolotropy of interface, which is responsible for anisotropic response of the stress-strain response of the interface; 3 two physical states, including crashing and compression of the soil near the structure surface, which govern the stress-strain response of the interface strongly; 4 two shear deformation components due to sliding and constraint of the structure surface relative to the soil respectively, which forms the deformation of the interface; 5 the volumetric strain due to dilatancy, which is found to be composed of a reversible dilatancy component and an irreversible dilatancy component. 4. A unified constitutive model of the interface, based on new elasto-plasticity damage theory, was developed. It was confirmed to be effective for the conditions considering monotonic and cyclic shearing, coupling effect of shear and volumetric strains, evolution of physical state, micro-structure aeolotropy of the soil and the resulting aeolotropy of the interface as well as the three normal boundary conditions stated above. 5. 2D and 3D finite element formulations of the present model were derived and incorporated into the FEM codes. They were applied to the evaluation of practical engineering problems with different typical interfaces between soil and structure. The new model was shown to be reasonable and effective.

确定了粗粒土与结构接触面厚度约为5～6倍的平均粒径，首次揭示了接触面的细观结构异向性以及由此所引起的宏观剪切异向性，发现了在单调和往返剪切荷载作用下土颗粒破碎和剪切压密两种物态变化机制共同支配着接触面力学性质的变化，通过细观分析证实了接触面的变形可分解为一般同时发生的土与结构交界面上的滑移变形以及结构面位移约束范围之内土体本身的剪切变形两部分，观测到接触面受剪时表现出明显的相对法向位移，并可分解为可逆性和不可逆性两个分量；(4)建立了第一个能够统一地描述单调与往返剪切特性、剪应变与体应变耦合特性、细观结构和宏观剪切异向性以及土颗粒破碎等物态变化特性的土与结构接触面弹塑性损伤本构数学模型，并采用多种法向边界条件复杂加载路径的试验成果验证了新模型的合理性和有效性；(5)提出了新模型的二、三维有限元格式并结合实际边值问题进行了应用计算分析，比较了不同接触面本构模型对计算结果的影响，证实了新模型及其有限元格式不仅能够合理地描述土与结构接触面的主要力学特性，还能够较好地反映土体与结构物在接触面处的滑移、脱开等不连续现象。

Thirdly, a new type base isolation system, i. e., slide-limited friction base isolation system is presented in this paper. Based on this system, harmonic and subharmonic periodic response of S-LF subjected to harmonic motion is investigated by using Floquet theory. Dynamic response of sliding structure subjected to earthquake ground motion is calculated with a precise high order direct integration method, and the numerical results are presented in terms of maximum acceleration response spectra of supcrstructure and maximum sliding displacement response spectrum. By comparison with isolating effects of pure-friction base isolation system and resilient-friction base isolation system , it shows that the isolating characteristic of S-LF is superior to P-F and R-FBI. Through analyzing an engineering example, it is observed that the maximum inter-storey shear force and absolute acceleration of sliding structure to earthquake ground motion are very different from those of traditional structures.

提出了一种新型基础隔震模型，即带限位装置的摩擦隔震体系；基于此隔震模型，利用Floquet理论研究地面谐运动下S-LF结构的运动特性；并利用高精度的精细时程积分法，通过对地震作用下S-LF动力响应的计算，绘制了上部结构最大加速度反应谱和基底最大滑移量反应谱，并研究了各种结构参数对隔震的影响；通过与恢复力摩擦隔震系统和纯摩擦力滑移隔震系统的比较表明，S-LF的隔震性能优于P-F和R-FBI；对计算实例的分析发现，地震作用下S-LF结构的层间最大剪力和最大绝对加速度反应分布较一般传统结构有很大区别。

Dynamic response of sliding structure subjected to earthquake ground motion is calculated with a precise high order direct integration method, and the numerical results are presented in terms of maximum acceleration response spectra of supcrstructure and maximum sliding displacement response spectrum. By comparison with isolating effects of pure-friction base isolation system and resilient-friction base isolation system , it shows that the isolating characteristic of S-LF is superior to P-F and R-FBI. Through analyzing an engineering example, it is observed that the maximum inter-storey shear force and absolute acceleration of sliding structure to earthquake ground motion are very different from those of traditional structures.

提出了一种新型基础隔震模型，即带限位装置的摩擦隔震体系；基于此隔震模型，利用Floquet理论研究地面谐运动下S-LF结构的运动特性；并利用高精度的精细时程积分法，通过对地震作用下S-LF动力响应的计算，绘制了上部结构最大加速度反应谱和基底最大滑移量反应谱，并研究了各种结构参数对隔震的影响；通过与恢复力摩擦隔震系统和纯摩擦力滑移隔震系统的比较表明，S-LF的隔震性能优于P-F和R-FBI；对计算实例的分析发现，地震作用下S-LF结构的层间最大剪力和最大绝对加速度反应分布较一般传统结构有很大区别。

The phenomenon of saturation or "lock up" when all of the grains have transformed,is described in a rattier simple form through domain volume fractions by the proposed model, in which domain switching in ferro-electrics is analogous to that of dislocation movement on crystal slip planes in metals.

依据晶体塑性理论，将铁电材料中的电畴翻转类比于晶体位错滑移面上的滑移系，定义铁电材料中相应的电畴反转系；采用电畴的体积分数表述电畴翻转的变化量，得到了电畴翻转的饱和特性的简单描述。

In the fifth part, the finite element method with sliding cable element was adopted to the prestress producing of the cable dome as well, and the computer methods and steps of the initial stiffness were established. The relevant program was worked out and was used in one example.

将本文提出的滑移单元有限元方法应用于索穹顶结构的预应力生成，并建立了初始刚度生成计算模式和步骤，编制了相应的计算程序，进行了实例计算，结果表明，本文提出的滑移单元有限元理论用于索穹顶结构的预应力生成是合理可行的，其精度已足以满足实际工程要求。

The deformation mechanism is mainly the single-slip and cross-ship, the fracture mechanism is mainly the congregation of transgranular micro-hole, and large uniform deformation occurred before tough fracture, and therefore, the ability of plastic deformation and the mechanical properties of the material were remarkably improved. These fully indicate that the new melt-treatment developed in this work is an effective and advanced technique, and further testify that the improvement of metallurgical quality of the material is the key to enhance its mechanical properties, especially its plastic deformation performance. The results of tensile and compression tests at elevated temperature also indicate that the suitable hot-working temperature range is 400～450℃. 4. A steady-state plastic flow exists during the plastic deformation of the aluminum sheet used for pressure can at elevated temperature. A hyperbolic sine relationship can be satisfied between the steady-state flow stress and strain rate by introducing an Arrhenius term which involves some thermal activation parameters, i.

压力罐用铝材中的主要冶金缺陷为Al〓O〓夹杂物、气孔及富Fe杂质相；高效熔体处理显著改善了材料的冶金缺陷的存在形态，使含杂量明显减少、夹杂物尺寸变细小且分布均匀，富Fe杂质相变为细小、分布均匀的团球状或短棒状的复杂化合物，同时也明显细化了结晶组织；此外，由于高效熔体处理有效地减少了材料中裂纹萌生源数量，因而改变了材料的塑性变形微观过程及断裂方式，主要以单滑移和交滑移进行塑性变形，断裂方式为穿晶微孔聚集型，韧性断裂前产生了大量的均匀变形，不易出现变形失稳，从而显著提高了罐用铝材的塑变能力和力学性能。

In order to solve the experimental problem of tricrystal,elastic stress distribution of copper tricrystal under monotonical loading was analyzed by finite element method,the shear stress on slip system in each grain was analyzed.

采用有限单元法计算三晶体在单向拉伸载荷作用下弹性阶段的应力场，分析了三晶体中各晶粒主滑移系上的切应力分布，计算结果表明，当晶界平行于加载轴时，该晶界对其两侧晶粒有很明显的作用，较大程度的改变晶粒滑移系的形式，而且作用程度要超过三晶交点的作用，倾斜晶界则没有明显的作用。

1 A cord set may not be deemed "passing" if any of the following conditions occur:(1) cord guard becomes torn;(2) cord guard pulls out of the housing;(3) cord pulls out of the cord guard/housing;(4) cord slips more than 2 mm from beneath the cord clamp (for cord sets employing a clamping system);(5) cord slips more than 2 mm from inside the cord guard; either cord conductor slips more than 5mm into the cord jacket; and (6) there is evidence of an electrical arc discharge (short circuit of the cord conductors).

如果发生以下情况，此样品认为&不合格&（1）尾档破损（2）尾档拉出机架（3）电线拉出尾档或机架（4）电线从夹具上滑移大于2mm （对于采用夹住方法的插头）（5）电线滑进尾档大于2mm：有一电线导体滑进外被超过5mm

The temperature of flue gas out of air preheater in boiler is normally about 120～180℃, the flue gas enter the absorb tower from the bottom via pre-deduster and is accelerated by venturi tube at the bottom of absorb tower, then is taken to circulating fluid bed. The materials are in the circulating fluid bed, due to the effect of flow, the gas-phase and solid-phase generate fierce turbulence and combination and are fully contacted, then form polymers constantly during the ascending and return downward, while the polymers are constantly disassembled during fierce turbulence and elevated by airflow, which makes the slip velocity between gas and solid reach the tenfold times of single slip velocity.

首先从锅炉的空气预热器出来的烟气温度一般为120～180℃左右，通过预除尘器后从底部进入吸收塔，然后烟气通过吸收塔底部的文丘里管的加速，进入循环流化床，物料在循环流化床里，气固两相由于气流的作用，产生激烈的湍动与混合，充分接触，在上升的过程中，不断形成聚团物向下返回，而聚团物在激烈湍动中又不断解体重新被气流提升，使得气固间的滑移速度高达单颗粒滑移速度的数十倍。

Following the theory of slip line field , the area is divided into five sections and the distributing situation of the slip line in each section is analysed.

通过对方盒形件塑性变形过程的分析及变形区域内的变形应力分析，采用滑移线场理论的分析方法，把变形区划分为Ⅰ～Ⅴ区域并分析了这些区域的滑移线分布情况，导出了对数螺线的基圆半径和基圆中心位置及力学模型，为方盒形件的毛坯尺寸的确定提供了依据。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。