滑移

The feature of typical multiple rotational loess landslides is: large scale, deep sliding face, three-five sliding face cascades, single landslide with the "plough" structural character of behind high and sheer-middle subdued-front tilt. The main formation mode of landslide is creeping-sliding-tensile fracturing. The failure modes contain extensive rotation sliding, digressive rotation sliding and compound rotation sliding.

2典型多级旋转型黄土滑坡特征表现为：规模大、滑带深、3-5级滑面分层叠置、单个滑面成后缘高陡-中部平缓-前缘微翘的"犁式"结构特征；其变形破坏方式表现为：蠕滑-滑移-拉裂-块体滑动-旋转-逐级扩展，其扩展方式主要包括：扩展式旋转滑动、渐灭式旋转滑动和复合式旋转滑动。

Control valves or fluid drive mechanism is driven to rely on pieces of lifting hoist, sliding, rotating or turning motion put to the size of change in flow area to achieve.

阀门的控制功能是依靠驱动机构或流体驱使启闭件升降、滑移、旋摆或回转运动以改变流道面积的大小来实现的。

In studies of interaction among pile, platform that above it and surrounding soil, this paper employ the concept of plate element to simulate the loading character of platform, and employ the concept of solid element to simulate the character of pile and soil, using the finite element method after understanding the geometry properties of pile, soil and the platform. Analyzing the loading properties of the three entities above and their deformation, this paper also employ a special element, Penalty Element. The introduction of penalty element of this kind has served to guarantee the join harmony of displacement between solid element and plate element, thereby effectively resolving the join problem between platforms, pile that support it and surrounding soil.Considering significant property difference between pile material and its surrounding soil, there may be much shear stress on their contact interface produced under vertical load, thus causing displacement or fission. Therefore it is necessary to adopt one special constitutive law of this kind of contact interface, which can reflect its feature of loading and deformation thoroughly. On the basis of the deformation feature and constitutive laws of some contact interface obtained by Zhang Dongji and people concerned through some single-shear experiments on contact interface between structure and soil, this paper employ one pile-soil three-dimensional constant thickness contact interface model to simulate the " slide" taken place on the interface between pile and its surrounding soil. With this kind model, this paper has also created one finite element model, which can be applied to perform finite element calculation and analyze the pile-loading feature, and deduced its element stiffness matrix.

在承台-桩-土共同作用中，考虑桩与承台的几何特性，采用有限元方法，用实体单元模拟桩土，用板单元模拟承台，更具体地分析桩和承台的受力特性和变形，而且还采用罚单元—既实体单元与板单元之间连接必须满足变形协调条件，来有效地解决了承台与桩土的连接问题，且在桩土共同作用中，由于桩体结构的材料性能与周围土层性质相差较大，在竖向荷载下有可能在其接触面上产生较大的剪应力从而导致错动或开裂，因此，为了充分反映桩土接触面上的受力及变形特征，应采用一种桩土接触面特有的本构关系，即利用张冬霁等人关于结构与土体接触面单剪试验所得到的接触面变形特征及其本构关系，引入桩-土三维等厚度接触单元来模拟桩与桩侧土之间的&滑移&，在此基础上建立可用于桩基承载性状分析的有限元计算单元模型，并推导出了各单元的刚度矩阵。

Its formation has undergone rockfalls, slip, load, deformation and slide. It is a typically compound landslide.

作揖沱崩滑体的形成经历了崩塌、滑移、加载和变形滑动等阶段，是一个典型的崩滑复合体。

Liapunov—Schmidt method is one of the most important method in the bifurcation theory.

Liapunov—Schmidt方法是分叉理论的最重要方法之一。

Be courteous -- even when people are most discourteous to you .

要有礼貌──即使当別人对你最不礼貌的时候。