滑坡

In order to modify the disadvantage of the existing method for computing the landslide thrust that is not applicable for larger scope, 5 types of the slip surfaces have been given with the computation formula of landslide thrust respectively.

针对现有滑坡推力计算方法单一、适用性差的特点，将常见的各种类型滑坡按滑动面形式分为5种类型，根据滑坡稳定分析中各极限平衡法的适用条件，分别给出了这5种滑动面形式的滑坡推力计算表达式。

The dangers of earthquake landslip are mainly caused by new and shallow layer loess landslide.

该地区地震滑坡的主要危险来自新滑坡和浅层黄土滑坡，滑坡成灾机制复杂，与许多因素有关。

It couples the general limit equilibrium method and hydrological distribution model based on DEM, and can be used as a effective approach to predict the occurrence of landslide under different precipitation conditions as well as landslide mechanics research.

它将工程中广泛采用的滑坡极限平衡分析模型与基于DEM的水文分布模型有效地集成起来，旨在解决作为滑坡重要影响因素的降雨条件对滑坡发生、分布的影响机理及滑坡在不同降雨条件下的变形失稳定量预测的问题。

According to material composition, landslides in this area can be divided into two categories: rockslide and sedentary-slope wash landslide.

依据该地区滑坡物质组成特征将滑坡分为岩质滑坡和坡—残积物滑坡两类。

The maximum run-out distance is 3200m. The three cases are studied from the Niuquangou rockslide-debris flow at the south west segment of the main seismic fault, the Chengxi rockslide at the middle segment of the main seismic fault and the Donghekou rockslide-debris flow at the north east segment of the main seismic fault.The three cases illustrates following common characteristics:(1)parent rockmass is broken under long geologic processing and weathered;(2) Rockmass was separately expanded and thrown under long-period strong ground vibration in which the vertical motion was predominant along the main seismic fault;(3)sliding mass was crashed at the exiting zone and transferred to fragment material;(4) The secondary landslide was triggered underneath the exiting zone due to the powerful crashing and shaving processes that provides more mass to debris body and cushion shape;(5) The a long run-out distance fragment flow is occurred under air layer lubrication. The air layer was pressed and turbulently flowed in the narrow-shaped valley, or laminarly flowed in the extensive flatland.

本文重点解剖了位于地震破裂带南西段的汶川映秀牛圈沟滑坡-碎屑流、位于地震破裂带中段的北川城西滑坡和位于地震破裂带北东段青川东河口滑坡-碎屑流3个典型实例，认为具有如下特征：1）岩性条件：母岩遭受长期构造动力作用，呈碎裂岩体，后期被强烈风化，岩体极为破碎；(2）抛掷效应：位于汶川地震主断裂带或附近，垂直加速度大于水平加速度，强地面运动持时长，岩体发生振胀和抛掷；3）碰撞效应：上部滑坡体发生高位剪出和高位撞击，致使岩体碎屑化；(4）铲刮效应：撞击作用导致下部山体被铲刮，形成次级滑坡，为碎屑流体提供了足够展翼和抛洒物源体积；5）气垫效应：碎屑化岩体快速抛掷导致下部沟谷空气迅速谷状圈闭和向下紊流，形成气垫效应，或者，在下部地形开阔地带压缩空气呈层流状态致使滑体凌空飞行。

By comparing the landslide displacement and the shearing strain increment under different water level condition, discovered that along with the rising water level, the displacement and the shearing strain increment of Taping landslide are obviously increased, it is show that the landslide has the obvious response to the storage, the water rise cause the stability of landslide present the reduction tendency.

通过不同水位状态下滑坡位移和剪应变增量的分析，发现，随着水位的上升，塔坪滑坡的位移及剪应变增量都明显增大，说明滑坡对蓄水有明显的响应，水位上升使滑坡的稳定性有降低的趋势。

Present the fundamental of computing the landslide thrust, that is, the method should accord with the stabilization method of the landslide, so that the thrust can correspond with the stabilizing factor.

提出滑坡推力计算的基本原则，即滑坡推力的计算方法应尽量与该滑坡的稳定性分析方法保持一致，这样计算的滑坡推力才能和相应的稳定系数对应。

Secondly aiming at the actual disaster of the landslides cluster in southern Jingyang county in Shaanxi Province, from the characters、the locomotory mechanism、the internal and the external reason of the landslides, the paper comprehensively analyses the cause of the landslides.

其次，针对陕西省泾阳县南塬滑坡群的实际灾害，从泾阳南塬滑坡群的滑坡特征、运动机制和滑坡发生的内在因素和外在因素对泾阳南塬滑坡群进行了综合原因分析。

The area threatened by landslide accounts for 1/4 or 1/5 of the area of national land, landslide activity enter new activeness issue on a large scale in recent years,these landslide once happen,will bring unestimated losses.but if we can accurately forecast the time of the landslide 's happ

这些滑坡一旦发生带来的损失将是无法估量的。但是，如果能比较准确地预报滑坡发生的时间，则可采取相应的防治措施，防患于未然，将滑坡灾害造成的损失减少到最低点。基于以上目的，本论文针对滑坡预报中存在的两个关键问题展开了研究，一、如何有效地剔除影响滑坡预报准确度的虚假噪声；二、如何根据各个预测模型的预测结果整合出一条综合信息。在

In the paper, the author selects 11 index, and uses the method of fuzzy cluster analysis for regionalizing landslide and debris flow hazard in Jinsha River Basin of Yunnan Province.

选取11个指标，运用模糊聚类方法进行了云南金沙江流域滑坡泥石流灾害区划，将该流域划分为3个滑坡泥石流灾害区、9个滑坡泥石流灾害亚区，揭示了该流域滑坡泥石流灾害的地域差异性，为因地制宜地制定滑坡泥石流灾害防治规划及减灾防灾措施提供了科学依据。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。