滑坡

Base on the systematically geological investigation and study, we choose to use aremote sensing data source,the geography control data source(1:50,000relief map of Qiaojia and measured GPS ) as the data source of this research, adopt"Digital Landslide"processing image data, and carry on time-space analysiscombining geological investigation and related data. Application aerodynamicist theories, some important conclusions that obtained from the wind-tunnel experiment,and according to the time –space analysis result, we analyzed the landslide dammingmovement mechanism, presumed the movement format of this high-speed landslide,studied the formation mechanism and the movement characteristic of this landslide ,calculated it's movement equation, applied VC language to write calculationprocedure of each stage of the landslide, computed movement speed and displacement,and made sure its possible stop district.

本文在前人研究的基础上，选用遥感数据源、地理控制数据源(1：5万巧家幅地形图及实测GPS点)为本研究的数据源，采用"数字滑坡"技术处理图像数据，结合野外实地考察及相关资料对石膏地滑坡进行了时空分析；运用空气动力学理论，采用胡厚田等人在风洞实验中得出的许多重要结论，根据时空分析结果分析滑坡的运动机理，推测高速滑坡的运动模式；研究石膏地滑坡的形成机理、运动特征及运动方程，并用C++语言在VC开发环境中编写滑坡各阶段的计算程序，计算滑坡的流动速度及运动位移，确定其可能的停止区域。

It is seldom reseached the mechanism of highspeed and long-range. On the basis of detailed investigation on the Touzhai landslide, the author have expatiated on the environment condition, studied the moving characteristics of each stage, the laws of friction coefficient of the sliding surface in the set-out stage and the erodynamic effect in the short-range, analyzed the hydrokinetics mechanism of highspeed and long-range.

本文在去现场详细调查的基础上，阐述了头寨滑坡的环境条件，研究了头寨滑坡全程各个活动阶段的运动特征，通过试验研究了头寨滑坡启程活动阶段滑面高速摩擦的规律和近程活动阶段滑坡凌空飞行的空气动力学效应，从流体动力学的观点分析了头寨滑坡高速远程的流体动力学机理。

So the systematically study of loess landslides are emergently needed. Based on detailed investigation and survey of characteristics of environmental geology, engineering geology, hydrometeorology in Tongchuan, the distribution characteristic and the outer, inner factor of loess landslides are studied; and it is concluded that the rainfall and artificial engineering activity are the leading causes of loess landslide among various factors. Through plenty of tests of soil samples, it is researched that the loess"s physical mechanics characteristics, the loess landslide"s formation mechanism and kinematics mechanism.

本文在详细调查和勘察铜川地区的环境地质、工程地质及气象水文特征的基础上，对黄土滑坡的分布特征和滑坡形成的内外因素进行了深入剖析，认为在各种影响因素中，大气降水和人类工程活动是铜川黄土滑坡的最主要的诱发因素；在采集大量的土样并进行试验的基础上，对黄土的物理力学特征和黄土滑坡形成机理、运动学机理进行了研究，推导出了滑坡运动机理中的孔压参数A_D、B_D分别与孔隙比和饱和度的统计关系。

After earthquake and volcano, Landslide is the third natural disaster that greatly threat the construction work as well as human life and propriety . Because of the high-speed development of the economy and the increasing frequency of the construction work, the problem of landslide becomes more and more obvious in China where the landside is widely distributed almost all over the provinces. As a result, in order to prevent and reduce this disaster, the subject of landslide treatment becomes a researching hotspot in the academia and the engineering fields both at home and abroad.

滑坡是位于地震、火山之后的第三大自然灾害，它对人类工程建设和生命财产带来重大的威胁；我国也是滑坡广泛分布的国家，滑坡几乎遍及各个省区，随着经济建设的高速发展，工程活动日益频繁，遇到的滑坡问题也越来越突出，为了防灾减灾，滑坡治理这项课题日益成为国内外学术界和工程界的研究热点。

Landslide hazard were assessed from the following aspects: the dynamic triggering factors, the stability of exsiting landslide, runout and potential affect area, landslide frequence and heavy accident excess probability. And element at risk mapping, vulnerability and risk were qualitative assessed based on landslide inventory as well.

从滑坡的动态诱发因素、现有滑坡的稳定性、Runout和影响范围，滑坡频率、重大诱发事件的年超越概率的角度对滑坡的危险性进行分析，并开展了基于滑坡编录的承灾体制图及易损性评价和风险的定性分析

The conclusions also offer the different engineering constructs corresponding references.There is some particular regularity for the mechanics condition, genetic type, and slide mechanism of the expansive soil landslides in Ankang basin area, as follows:The expansive soil landslides always represent polygenic traction slides.

通过研究，从安康盆地膨胀土滑坡产生的力学条件、成因类型、滑坡机理上的得出的特殊性规律为：安康胀土滑坡多为牵引式多次滑动；胀土滑坡的浅层性与宏观结构性；膨胀土滑坡滑床的平缓性；膨胀土滑坡具有时间性和成群分布性；膨胀土滑坡的蠕变性。

This thesis first in detail introduced the basic knowledge of slope slip, including the classification of slip according to slope sliding surface, mechanical properties, the slipe time, slip reason, the slip stable degree and so on, also including the different influencing factors to the slope stability under these dissimilar conditions, i.e. the crag soil type and the nature, the geological structure, the ground water and the surface water, the earthquake, the human activity and so on.

本文首先详细介绍了滑坡的一些基本知识，包括按滑坡的滑动面、力学性质、滑坡的时代、滑坡的原因、滑坡的稳定程度等这些不同条件下对滑坡进行分类，也包括滑坡的岩土类型及性质、地质结构、地下水和地表水、地震、人类活动等不同的因素对滑坡的稳定性的影响。

Based on the geomorphy, geology, and deformation-failure features of Shiliushubao landslide, as well as the slope movement monitoring dada of more than 10 years, the influence factors and the deformation development process are studied. The deformation development tendency was predicted by using the GM (1, 1) model. This paper provides some useful data for the measures of landslide prevention and the design of landslide treatment.

本文在调查分析石榴树包滑坡形态特征、结构特征及变形破坏特征的基础上，基于滑坡10多年的变形监测资料，研究了石榴树包滑坡的影响因素和变形演化特征和规律，并利用灰色GM(1， 1)模型预测了滑坡的变形发展趋势，为滑坡减灾防灾实践和滑坡治理方案的设计提供了依据。

Landslide hazard is one of the most serious and frequent natural hazards. Each year it causes a loss up to billions of dollars in the whole world. This hazard gives great damages to the country and people's lives and properties. And they are the very single--landslides that lead to the loss directly. So, in front of the serous landslide hazard, in order to measure the influence of hazard on life and property a risk assessment theory needs to be applied to. At the same time, Lijiaxia landslide which is in Long area, Shan Xi province, is unstable and imperiling life and property at present, so it is very necessary to make a risk assessment.

滑坡灾害是地质灾害中最为常见且危害严重的灾种之一，每年因滑坡灾害造成的损失数以亿计，给国家和人民生命财产带来巨大损失，产生严重社会影响，而最直接造成损失的，正是一个个的单体滑坡，因此，面对严重的滑坡灾害，为合理确定并评价滑坡灾害对生命财产的影响尺度，需研究和应用单体滑坡风险评价理论和方法；同时，作为单体滑坡的陕西省陇县李家下滑坡目前处于不稳定状态，且威胁到当地居民的生命财产安全，对其进行风险评价尤为重要。

The landslips are divided into new, old and ancient ones by periods, and divided into shallow layer loess and deep shearing ones by the material composition, depth and position of the sliding mass.

通过对甘肃中东部大量地震滑坡的成灾机制分析，按形成时代将滑坡分为新滑坡、老滑坡和古滑坡；按物质组成、滑体厚度及滑床位置又可分为浅层黄土滑坡和深层切层滑坡。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。