溶质

Following the lead of Freundlich the generally held opinion is that the effect of one adsorbate on the adsorption of another is simple displacement.

若是溶质甲能使溶质乙的电离度或溶度降低，或增加溶质乙的Gegen-ion，则能使乙的吸附量增加。

Based on the physical meaning of each term in the linear parameter log I (a constant correlating the affinity of solut e t o stationary phase) of stoichiometric displacement model for retention o f solute, the thermodynamic characteristics of log I of solute in revers ed-phase liquid chromatography were investigated theoretically. This poi nt was tested by experimental data with two linear relationships:(1) plot of log I vs 1/T with apolar, polar small solut es and proteins;(2) plot of log I vs log Po/w (partition co effi cient of solute between n-octanol and water) with apolar and polar smal l solutes.

依据液相色谱中溶质计量置换保留模型及线性参数log I(与1 mol溶质对固定相的亲和势大小有关的常数)，通过作图得知非极性和极性小分子溶质及生物大分子的log I与绝对温度的倒数1/T，以及小分子溶质的log I与其在正辛醇-水中分配系数的对数log Po/w呈线性关系，从两方面进一步证明了log I具有热力学平衡常数的性质。

Typical bands were used to analyze relation with ecotypes and characters of fruits, indicating that there was no relation between typical bands and ecotypes, but some extent relation between bands and characters of fruits existed. If all cultivars were divided into freestone and clingstone, melting and nonmelting, both freestone (ratio shared total survey, 41/56=73.2%) and clingstone (ratio shared total survey, 33/79=41.8%) appeared in the loci of S_(167)-1050 bp linked marker raised by Warburton et al. It was apparently not strong linkage between the marker and the character, and exchange rate of genes was high. If combinations of S_(167)-850bp and S_(167)-1050bp or S_(167)-850bp and S_(167)-1400bp were used to distinguish characters of fruits, 6 freestone accessions without clingstone ones and 6 melting accessions without nonmelting ones displayed in the first combination of markers, 20 clingstone accessions and 2 semi-freestone ones without freestone ones appeared in the second combination of markers.

通过典型带对不同生态型、果实性状为类别进行分析，结果未发现有与生态型相吻合的特征带出现，而将供试所有品种按离核、粘核和溶质、不溶质划分归类，供试品种在Warburton等得到S_(167)-1050 bp处粘离核分子标记，出现既有离核(占供试离核41／56=73.2％)，又有粘核(占供试粘核33／79=41.8％)，可见此连锁标记连锁性不强，发生交换的机率较高，而S_(167)-850bp带和S_(167)-1050bp带同时出现时，该组包含6个离核，无粘核品种；6个溶质，而无不溶质。S_(167)-850bp和S_(167)-1400bp同时出现时，包含20个粘核品种和2个半离核品种。

The relations of electrophoresis velocity, electroosmosis velocity and electric dispersion velocity are also investigated with these expressions. The results show that this new model offers a better explanation for peak compression effect on the migration behaviour of charged solute in CEC. The retention time will be shorter by peak compression effect, which is similar to a solvent gradients process. The peak compression effect is not steady, and doesn't appear until the conditions are fitted in some special situation.

基于弛豫理论所建立的基本模型，在考虑溶质在两相中皆有可能发生正、反向迁移的情况下，得到了流出曲线一阶原点矩和二阶中心矩的理论表达式，并通过对溶质在两相中电扩散速率与电泳速率、电渗流速率关系的分析结果证实：溶质在固定相表面的电扩散行为可以使其保留变弱，出峰加快；而这种电扩散导致的超常柱效峰的出现具有不稳定性，只有在多方面因素综合影响匹配的情况下才可能出现。

The thermodynamic state vector, Sk, which comprises four vector components, i.e., the sequence number, the position and the local solute concentrations in both SCms and SCses, is introduced to describe the local thermodynamic path and the macroscopical thermodynamic path.

引入由溶质微元的序号集合、溶质微元的位置矢量、固定相溶质浓度矢量和流动相溶质浓度矢量组成的热力学状态矢量Sk，并用其来描述色谱过程的局域热力学路径和宏观热力学路径。

In this paper, the conventional isopiestic technique have been modified and extended to multicomponent unsaturated mixed solvent solutions, each containing two or three volatile solvents and two unsaturated solutes, and multicomponent saturated aqueous solutions, each containing two unsaturated solutes and one or two saturated solutes. Isopiestic measurements have been conducted systematically for the first time for two mixed solvent electrolyte solutions, two quaternary saturated aqueous solutions and three quinary saturated aqueous solutions and the experimental results have been compared with the ideal-like solution model.

本文将传统的等压技术，经过改进后，进一步应用于含有两种或三种挥发性溶剂和两种非饱和溶质的多元混合溶剂溶液以及含有一种或两种饱和溶质和两种非饱和溶质的多元饱和水溶液，首次系统地测定了两例混合溶剂电解质溶液、两例四元饱和水溶液和三例五元饱和水溶液的等压平衡，并将实验结果与类理想溶液模型进行了比较。

The long range interaction simulated by polarizable continuum model, the hydrogen bonding interaction, and the whole interaction between the solute and the medium were separately investigated.

分别研究了由极化连续模型模拟的溶剂和溶质分子的长程相互作用，溶剂和溶质分子的氢键作用，以及溶剂和溶质分子的整体作用对分子结构和性质的影响。

It was indicated by the CALPHAD that the solute content at the end point of primary solidification changes synchronistically with the start point, solute content in dendritic arm and the partition coefficient increase with the solid fraction. Simple Scheil equation was shown to be able to calculate the eutectic amount on the base of partition coefficient calculated by thermodynamics, its prediction for the different solutes is self--consistent and agreeable with the CALPHAD. The eutectic amount and SDAS was measured in DC experiment and compared to model value, it was shown that the experimental data are in agreement with the model prediction.

相图计算耦合Scheil模型的计算结果显示， Al--Cu--Zn合金单相凝固结束点的溶质含量与凝固初始点的成分同步变化，溶质含量和溶质分凝系数随凝固过程的进行不断增加；在热力学计算出合金分凝系数的基础上，简单Scheil方程可以计算初生相含量，从不同溶质得到的计算结果是自洽的，并与相图计算耦合Scheil模型的预测值一致；实验测定了不同成分铝合金的共晶含量和枝晶间距，实验数据与模型结果基本一致。

In equiaxed grains, the distributions of all the three solutes are rather homogeneous and the microsegregation can be hardly observed.

Ni枝晶生长过程中，溶质Si的影响较大，而溶质Fe和溶质Co的影响较小。。

The difference of bulk density of coastal soils took an effect on infiltration rate and diffuse rate. The infiltration rate and diffuse rate of coastal soils which bulk density was small were big. The water transmitting experiment of coastal soils showed that the saturated conductivity of different layers in soil profile were great, and the saturated conductivity of undisturbed soil was highly higher than that of disturbed soil. The saturated conductivity of coastal soils embanked earlier was lower than that of coastal soils embanked later. Under different water content, the unsaturated conductivity of coastal soils had a great change and the bulk density had an effect on unsaturated conductivity. The soil with a low bulk density had a high unsaturated conductivity. Chlorine ion moved in coastal soil was an inert ion. The distribution of CU in soil was definite and repeated, which is no relation with the time and velocity of infiltration. The concentration of infiltration solution and the texture of coastal soils had no apparent effect on solute movement synthetic dispersion coefficient, while bulk density took an apparent effect on solute movement synthetic dispersion coefficient. Synthetic dispersion coefficient of coastal soils increased as bulk density decreased.

浙江大学硕士毕业论文浙北海涂土壤水分特性及溶质运移模拟研究 4、海涂土壤的导水能力强，且土壤剖面备土层的饱和导水率变化大，原状土的饱和导水率远大于扰动土的饱和导水率，围垦时间较早的海涂土壤的饱和导水率较围垦时间晚的海涂土壤的饱和导水率要小；不同含水量下的非饱和导水率变化范围很大，最大值与最小值差距可达 10'③ 5、容重的不同对入渗率、扩散率、非饱和导水率都有影响，容重小，入渗率、扩散率、非饱和导水率也花 6、在海涂土壤中运移的氯离子是一&惰性离子&，氯离子在土壤运移过程中的分布有一定的确定性和重现性，与入渗时间和入渗速度无关，溶质运移过程中，入渗溶液的浓度和海涂土壤的质地对溶质运移综合扩散系数DSh无明显影响，而土壤容重对溶质运移综合扩散系数DSh有影响，容重小，DSh大。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失