溶解性的

The Diels-Alder cycloadditions of [60] fullerene for preparation of optical limitingmaterials are discussed in chapter 3 and 6. Soluble cycloaddition derivatives of 〓aresynthesized by the reaction of 〓 with indene,1,1'-biindene andcyclopentadiene derivatives.〓Particular, the Diels-Alder cycloaddition of 〓 with1,1'-biindene under controlled conditions affords the stable monoadduct 〓〓of novel structure, which was confirmed by HPLC, FTIR, FD-MS,〓NMR,〓 NMR, HMQC and HMBC spectra, Its two bridgehead cage carbons resonate at70.91ppm, The 〓 NMR spectra showed 38 lines consistent with the 〓 symmetryassociated with [6,6] addition. The 〓 shows similar optical limitingproperties to that of 〓 in toluene for 8ns laser at wave length 532nm. Moreover, thehigh solubility of this adduct in polar solvents such as THF, acetone enables itsincorporation into sol-gel glass matrix. The thin films prepared via the sol-gel methodshow improved OL behaviour compared to those of 〓. The langmuir-Blodgett filmformation and uv-visible absorption of 〓 are also investigated. LBmonolayer of this compound is prepared on the air-water interface at 〓 mol/l. In chapter 4, three water-soluble derivatives of [60] fullerene: fullerol(1), theaddition product (2)of fullerol (1)with polyvinylpyrrolidone and fumaric acidderivative of 〓(3) are synthesized and characterized.

通过Diels-Alder环加成反应，用茚〓和1，1'-联茚〓及取代茂合成了一系列可溶性的〓环加成衍生物，发现可控制反应条件，使1，1'-联茚与〓反应，并高产率地得到具有新颖结构的单加成物，用HPLC、FTIR、FD-MS 及〓、HMQC、HMBC等多种波谱技术对其结构进行表征，测得它的两个〓杂化的桥头碳的化学位移为〓ppm，证明生成的衍生物为6∶6闭式环加成，〓NMR谱中共给出38个信号，表明〓联茚衍生物分子具有〓对称性；在波长532nm，脉冲宽度8ns的激光下，〓联茚衍生物的甲苯溶液的光限幅性能与〓的甲苯溶液相近，由于〓联茚单加成衍生物熱稳定性好，在四氢呋喃，丙酮等极性溶剂中溶解性好，能分别均匀地掺入溶胶-凝胶中，已发现它的溶胶(so1)光限幅性能优于纯〓的光限幅性能；使用Langmuir-Blodgett技术将〓联茚衍生物在空气和水的界面进行了LB单层膜和多层膜实验以及UV-Vis吸收谱研究，通过等温压缩曲线测试，证明浓度为〓〓时，〓联茚衍生物能够形成单层膜。

Flocculation+0.45μm filter is selected as the pretreatment of the method proposed here.(9) A set of standard methods for ASMs COD characterization is suggested in the thesis and it advantages are:①Respirometry is adopted to measure RBCOD and SBCOD;②SI is determined from raw wastewater and so there is no influence of inert products;③Heterotrophic biomass in wastewater is measured;④The key instrument used in the standard methods-hybrid respirometer, has high automatic level and friendly user interface which simplifies the respirometry. So the suggested standard methods are practical.(10) According to the suggested standard methods, the influent COD of a wastewater treatment plant in Chongqing, China, is characterized.

9提出一套表征城市污水COD组分的标准化方法建议，其特点在于：①以呼吸测量作为RBCOD和SBCOD的测量方法，与以往以物理化学方法为主的做法有着本质区别；②对原水直接进行分析测试来获得SI组分，不受溶解性惰性产物的干扰；③考虑了污水中活性异养微生物组分的单独测量；④所依赖的核心仪器-呼吸测量仪具有很高的自动化程度和简单友好的用户界面，使原本复杂的呼吸测量实验及其结果的分析统计简单化，所建议的标准化方法具有很好的实用性。

The results show that the sample is well dispersed particles with high purity and an average size of about 1 μm. Favorable substances of Ca2 and Sn appear during the cycling of zinc electrode containing CaSn6, Ca2 has continues to react with ZnO to produce calcium zincate, which can highly reduce the dissolvability of anode active materials and greatly improve the cycling performance of zinc electrode. The simulated Ni/Zn battery using CaSn6 and ZnO as the active material of zinc electrode has a high discharge plateau and an excellent cycling ability, and it can retain about 72.6% of initial discharge capacity after 50 charge-discharge cycles.

研究结果表明：通过共沉淀方法合成的CaSn6粒度分布均匀，平均粒径在1 μm左右，并且具有较高的纯度；添加CaSn6的锌负极在循环过程中游离出了Ca2和金属锡等有益物质，并进一步与ZnO反应生成锌酸钙，降低了锌负极活性物质在电解液中的溶解性，从而显著提高了锌电极的循环性能；以CaSn6与ZnO的混合物为负极活性物质的模拟锌镍电池具有较高的放电平台和优良的循环性能，经过50次循环后，电池放电容量保持为起始容量的72.6%。

We make chloroacetylaion to N-terminal of Asp, and then convert this compound to GD dipeptide by aminolysis. Followed the lipase -catalyzed peptide synthesis of RGD in aqueous water-miscible organic cosolvent is studied. We set up a new efficient reaction method to synthesize RGD tripeptide. The problem that peptide containing polar amino acid can not be synthesized readily in organic solvent was solved. We offer a new experimental proof for PPL-catalyzed peptide synthesis and make a more general analysis for the effect of some factors in theory.

采用氯乙酰基保护天冬氨酸，然后进行氨解生成GD二肽，利用猪胰脂肪酶催化合成RGD三肽，着重解决了亲水氨基酸/肽片段底物的溶解性与合成产率低的问题，建立了一种新的有效合成RGD三肽的反应模型，并探索解决了极性较强的氨基酸的酶促肽合成的问题，对脂肪酶催化合成肽的影响因素从理论上作了较全面的分析，为肽片段的缩合反应提供了一种新思路。

After the carboxymethylation,the solubility of pachyman in the water was significantly increased,its β-D-glucan characteristic absorption peak at 890 cm-1 became weak obviously,and its methylene vibration absorption peak and CO antisymmetrical stretch vibration absorption peak appeared at 1 333 and 1 606 cm-1 respectively,which indicated that the carboxymethylation succeeded.The analysis of AFM results showed that CMP molecules existed in different morphology under different solution conditions,and that the concentration,ionic strength and solvent physical chemistry characteristics of polysaccharide solution had effects on the CMP chains conformation and the action mode between different molecular chains.The phenomena were considered to be related to hydrogen bond association and intramolecular and intermolecular electrostatic interactions of CMP.

结果表明：经过羧甲基修饰，茯苓多糖在水中的溶解性显著增加，890 cm-1 处的β-D-葡聚糖特征吸收峰明显减弱，1 333 cm-1 处出现次甲基振动吸收峰，1 606 cm-1 处出现〖JG(〗C〖ZJLX，Y〗O〖JG)〗非对称伸缩振动吸收峰，表明羧甲基化成功；原子力显微镜分析表明：在不同溶液条件下，CMP分子以不同形态存在，多糖溶液的浓度、离子强度及溶剂的物化特性均能对CMP的分子链构象及链间相互作用形式产生影响，推测可能与CMP分子内、分子间的氢键缔合及静电作用有关，CMP分子与云母基底间的吸附及静电作用也会对CMP的分子链构象及图像质量产生影响。

The results show that SO2 gas itself does not influence the growth of ZY-1, however, when the SO2 concentration is higher than 50×10^(-6), ZY-1 growth rate and its CO2 fixation rate are all lowered and the pH of the medium is decreased, so measures must be taken to desulphurize or control pH of medium temporality. The presence of NO with concentrations of lower than 300×10^(-6)did not influence the growth of ZY-1 and its CO2 fixation, NO absorbed in the medium is utilized as a nitrogen source. The influence of dissolved soot dust on ZY-1 growth and its CO2 fixation could be ignored once the soot dust in the stack gases was disposed by the original method.

结果表明，烟气中的SO2是以增加培养液中的SO2^(-2)浓度及降低pH的形式来影响ZY-1的生长及其对CO2的固定的，当其浓度大于50×10^(-6)时，需要进行烟气脱硫或控制培养液pH变化来消除其影响；烟气中NO浓度不高于300×10^(-6)时，不影响ZY-1的生长及其对CO2的固定，反而可作为氮源供ZY-1生长用；对经过一般除尘处理的烟气来说，在利用小球藻ZY-1固定CO2时可不考虑溶解性烟尘的影响。

The composition comprises: 35 to 65 wt % of an anionic detergent or surfactant selected from alkyl benzene sulphonic acids, alpha olefine sulfonates, long chain fatty acid sulphates, higher fatty acids, as well as the alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts thereof, and natural detersive agents, and mixtures of any of these; 3 to 15 wt % of a non-ionic detergent or surfactant selected from alkoxylated alkyl phenols and alkoxylated fatty alcohols; 5 to 10 wt % of a water-swellable cellulose derivative or a salt thereof, wherein the cellulose derivative exhibits a viscosity of at least about 1500 cps, measured in a 1 % aqueous solution at 25 DEG C with a Brookfield viscometer having spindle 3, speed 30rpm, factor 40 for viscosities of 2500-3500 cps; 6 to 20 wt % of a solubility regulator selected from alkali metal and alkaline earth metal chlorides, carbonates and sulphates, aluminosilicates and starch; and 0 to 20 wt % of a fragrance or perfume in solid, liquid or microencapsulated form.

该组合物包含：a35―65％重量的阴离子洗涤剂，其选自烷基苯磺酸、α－链烯烃磺酸盐、长链脂肪酸硫酸盐、高级脂肪酸以及其碱金属和碱土金属盐和天然的去污剂，和任何这些组分的混合物；b）3―15％重量的非离子洗涤剂，选自烷氧基化烷基酚和烷氧基化脂肪醇；c）5～10％重量的水可溶涨的纤维素衍生物或它们的盐，其中纤维素衍生物按1％水溶液在25℃下用Brookfield粘度计（3号转轴，转速30rpm，2500―3500cps粘度的因子是40测定；具有粘度至少约1500cps；d）6―20%重量的溶解性调节剂，选自碱金属和碱土金属氯化物、碳酸盐和硫酸盐、硅铝酸盐和淀粉；和e）0～20％重量的为固体、液体或微囊包封形式的香精。

In addition to functional properties, conformational and structural features were investigated.

功能性分析显示，酯化的明胶衍生物在酸性条件下具有较高的溶解性，其等电点随着改性明胶采用的醇的分子量的增加而降低。

The results show that the as-synthesized chalcone-containing copolymers are a kind of thermosensitive polymer with a lower critic solution temperature and the LCST of the copolymer decreases with the increase of the chalcone content in the copolymer. With the increase of the solvent polarity, both the maximum absorption wavelength and the fluorescence emitting wavelength of the chalcone-containing copolymers redshifts, and the intensity of fluorescence first increases, then decreases, which exhibits solvent polarity sensitive fluorescence properties.

结果表明，侧链查尔酮共聚物是一类具有低临界溶解温度的温敏性聚合物，其LCST温度随着共聚物中查尔酮含量的增加而降低；随着溶剂极性的增加，侧链查尔酮共聚物的紫外-可见最大吸收波长红移，其荧光发光波长红移并且发光强度先增强后降低，具有溶剂极性敏感的荧光特性；同时对比侧链查尔酮共聚物水溶液低温和高温下的荧光，发现低温下几乎无荧光，高温下其荧光得到明显增强，其荧光具有可逆的温度&开/关&特性。

The water quality study was conducted in a section of the distribution system of Tegucigalpa, Honduras and evaluated the inuence of iron and PVC pipe materials on the concentrations of soluble and particulate iron and manganese, and determined the composition of scales formed on PVC and iron pipes.

在特古西加尔巴首都洪都拉斯输水管道的一个区域进行了水质研究和有关铁及PVC管材料对水中溶解的和颗粒性的铁和锰浓度的影响的评价，并确定了管网水在PVC和铁质管材的作用下形成的一系列化合物。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。