溶胀剂

The effects of the mass ratio of polyvinyl alcohol and chitosan,the volume of acetum,the concentration of crosslinker on swelling ration are studied and optimized using orthogonal experimental method.

凝胶溶胀度随着聚乙烯醇与壳聚糖质量比、交联剂戊二醛浓度的增大而减小，随着溶剂醋酸溶液体积增加而增大

Through single factor experiment, we educed that the best condition of dissolvable and bulgy capability of Polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan hydrogel is n: n 6:1, a volume concentration of crosslinker of 0.05%, and reaction time 9h.

通过单因素实验，得出了聚乙烯醇／壳聚糖凝胶具有最佳溶胀性能时的条件：聚乙烯醇与壳聚糖的摩尔比为6：1，交联剂戊二醛的体积分数为0.05%，反应时间9h。

The thermodynamic investigation of adsorptions shows that adsorption of CCTS to Pb~(2+),Cu~(2+),Cd~(2+),Ni~(2+) is spontaneous.Because the values of Gibbs free energy are negative and the calculated entropy values of interactions are positive.However the positive values of the variation in enthalpy show that besides chemisorption, other processes of decalescence, such as physical adsorption and swelling of CCTS were also involved.

CCTS对各重金属离子的吸附热力学分析结果表明：CCTS对各重金属离子吸附熵变△adsS为正值，并且吸附自由能改变量△adsG均为负值，说明CCTS对各重金属离子的吸附是自发进行的，但其吸附焓变△adsH为正值，说明CCTS对重金属离子的吸附不仅仅是化学吸附的过程，还伴随着其他如物理吸附、吸附剂溶胀等吸热过程。

The properties and structures have been investigated as well by X-ray diffraction, infrared absorption spectrum and differential thermal analysis. The solvent dilatability and gelation ability, viscidity and organic content have been tested.

以十六烷基季铵盐为有机化改性剂，用微波辐射加热的方法制备出了性能优良的有机膨润土，利用XRD、FT-IR、DTA等方法分别对合成的钠基膨润土和有机膨润土的结构进行了研究和表征；并初步测试了有机膨润土的溶胀性、凝胶性能、粘度和有机物含量。

The effect of the change of H/Na ratio in disintegrator Carboxymethyl Starch on its functions such as of water-absorbing, swelling and disintegrating had been described in this article.

本文叙述了羧甲基淀粉(Carboxymethyl starch；CMS)中H/Na比值的改变对崩解剂CMS的吸水溶胀性能和崩解性能的影响。

The influences of N,N'-methene biacrylamide cross-linker,monomer concentration,polymerization time and temperature on swelling ratio were investigated,and reversibility of the hydrogels under various pH conditions at given temperature.

目的通过合成聚丙烯酸-co-α-甲基丙烯酸水凝胶，研究N，N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺交联剂、丙烯酸和α-甲基丙烯酸单体浓度、聚合时间对其水凝胶溶胀率的影响，以及温度和不同pH值时水凝胶的pH可逆性。

The role of the reclaimed rubber: smoke sticky pine tar containing other renewable agent, during which small molecules can penetrate into uniform knot so that sulfur containing rubber between macromolecules to swelling, reticular structure of relaxation, an increase of molecular the distance between chain and oxygen penetration, the other can also serve as free radical acceptor, has inhibited the role of gelation, but also contribute to activating agent to the rubber matrix to speed up the regeneration process of proliferation and can enhance regeneration and plasticity of sticky glue and less polluting, process performance.

对再生胶的作用：粘稠的松焦油吸含其他的再生剂，其间的小分子能均匀渗透到含有结使硫的橡胶的大分子中间，使其溶胀，网状结构松驰，增加了分子链间的距离及氧的渗透，另外还可作为游离基的接受体，有抑制凝胶化的作用，还有助于活化剂向橡胶基质扩散加快再生过程，并能提高再生胶的粘性和可塑性，且污染较小，工艺性能好。

This experiment with dilute alkali swelling on collagen extraction and separation, then purified by gel from collagen, and then glutaraldehyde, carbodiimide, has three types of di-isocyanate cross-linking agent on the plastic recombinant protein molecules cross-linked, the final test of infrared spectroscopy analysis of the results of their cross-linking to determine the extent of the effectiveness of cross-linking cross-linking agent to have an initial understanding.

本实验用稀碱溶胀法对胶原蛋白进行提取与分离，接下来用凝胶层析纯化所得胶原蛋白，然后用戊二醛、碳化二亚胺、己二异氰酸酯三种交联剂对胶原蛋白分子进行重组交联，最后通过对红外光谱测试结果的分析，对其交联程度进行判断，对交联剂的交联功效有一个初步的了解。，谢谢。

The apparent degree of network chains for the different swollen extent of the same unswollen hydrogel sample increased linearly with the increase of swelling ratio, however, the apparent modulus did not decrease monotonously with the increase of swelling ratio. Furthermore, the dependence of apparent degree of network chains on swelling ratio had nothing to do with the swelling agent. The above results reflected the changes of entanglement and the contribution of entanglement under different swelling ratio, and the results could be explained with the theory of Flory-Erman's constrained junction model and LangleyGraessley relation.

发现同一水凝胶样品的不同溶胀程度试样经应力应变测试得出的表观网链密度随体积溶胀率的增加而线性增加，等效模量并不随溶胀程度的增加而单调减小，而表观网链密度的溶胀程度依赖性与所选用的溶胀剂无关，该结果反映了不同溶胀程度下缠结的变化及缠结对弹性的不同贡献，并可由Flory-Erman的constrained junction模型及Langley-Graessley公式得到解释。

In the dissertation, a new stabilization method, equal-density method was adopted to prepare modified asphalts with storage stability at high temperature. In this method, a compound was prepared by premixing polymer and filler, and the compound was mixed with asphalt to prepare Polymer-Modified Asphalt by changing the ratio of polymer and filler. The asphalts with good storage stability were formed with the addition of filler, by regulating the density difference between polymer and asphalt. With identifying the effect of composition factor and the technique conditions on mechanical properties of polymer/filler compound and the molecular distribution of the polymer, identifying the effect of composition factor and the technique conditions on the properties and structure of polymer/filler modified asphalt, Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene copolymer, Low Density PolyEthylene, Styrene-Ethylene-Butadiene-Styrene block copolymer modified asphalts with good storage stability and performance were prepared. Rheological method, gel content analysis and swelling measurement were adopted to elucidate the interaction between the polymer and filler. Filler reduced the difference between the polymer and asphalt with the premixing technique, which led to the improvement of the storage stability of the modified asphalts. The thermo-oxidative aging process of base asphalt and PMA were studied and the effect of antioxidant additives on the base asphalt and PMA were analyzed.

本论文采用等密度方法，即预先混合聚合物与填料制备复合物，复合物在沥青中会吸收油份而溶胀，改变填料的用量从而调节聚合物与沥青的密度差异的方法，制备出高温贮存稳定的改性沥青，并研究了工艺条件和配方因素对聚合物/填料复合物力学和聚合物分子量分布的影响，系统考察了工艺条件和配方因素对聚合物/填料改性沥青性能与形态结构的影响，研制出性能优良、高温贮存稳定的苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯三嵌段共聚物、氢化SBS、低密度聚乙烯改性沥青，并通过流变学分析方法及凝胶和溶胀测试探讨了聚合物与填料的相互作用，指出经过预混工艺填料改变了聚合物与沥青的密度差异，以此说明聚合物/填料改性沥青高温贮存稳定的原因；研究了基质沥青和聚合物改性沥青热氧老化过程，并分析了抗氧剂对基质沥青及聚合物改性沥青的影响，探讨了抗氧剂提高沥青耐老化性能的原因。

And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, Your father and your brothers have come to you.

47：5 法老对约瑟说，你父亲和你弟兄们到你这里来了。

Additionally, the approximate flattening of surface strip using lines linking midpoints on perpendicular lines between geodesic curves and the unconditional extreme value method are discussed.

提出了用测地线方程、曲面上两点间短程线来计算膜结构曲面测地线的方法，同时，采用测地线间垂线的中点连线和用无约束极值法进行空间条状曲面近似展开的分析。