溶剂

Benzene used to be a common solvent in organic chemistry but is no longer used because it is a suspect carcinogen.

在有机化学中，苯曾经是常用的溶剂，但是由于它被怀疑是致癌物而不再使用。

From the dehydration of acetic acid in industry, novel membranes used for this purpose were prepared by modifying Cardo polyetherketone (which is solvent resistance and hydrophobic) for the first time.

基于醋酸脱水的重要的工业意义，本论文首次以耐化学溶剂性能优异的亲油性材料酚酞侧基聚醚酮为膜材料，通过对其进行改性，制备醋酸渗透蒸发脱水膜。

The sulfonated polyetherketone with cardo group films made by different sulfonation degrees and solvent evaporation shows different microstructure by PALS and atomic force microscopy.

利用对高分子材料纳米量级自由体积空洞极为灵敏的正电子探针，并辅之原子力显微镜法研究了磺化及溶剂蒸发对酚酞侧基聚芳醚硐膜制备的影响。

Polyethersulfone with Cardo is a developed engineering thermoplastic and membrane material with high glass transition temperature. PES-C ultrafiltration membranes were prepared by phase inversion method using dimethylacetamide as solvent and PVPK3O as additive.

采用凝胶相转化法，以新型耐高温工程塑料－含酚酞侧基的聚芳醚砜为膜材料，N，N-二甲基乙酰胺为溶剂，通过改变铸膜液中添加剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVPK30)的含量，在平板刮膜机上制备了一系列超滤膜。

Polyethersulfone with cardo was a developed engineering thermoplastic and membrane material with high glass transition temperature,PES-C ultrafiltration membranes were prepared by phase inversion method using dimethylacetamide as solvent and oxalic acid and polyethylene glycol as additives.The membrane morphology forming and evolution could be observed by the experimental system and method.The effect of additive and polymer concentration on cast solution and the gelation kinetics of polyethersulfone with cardo asymmetric membrane were studied.

采用耐高温工程塑料——含酚酞侧基的聚芳醚砜为膜材料，草酸和聚乙二醇为添加剂， N，N -二甲基乙酰胺为溶剂，并利用改进的凝胶动力学实验装置和方法，使之能真实地再现不同膜孔结构生长及发展演化的过程，借助相关软件对图像进行处理，考察了添加剂、聚合物浓度对铸膜液凝胶速度的影响，对酚酞基聚芳醚砜非对称膜的凝胶过程的动力学进行研究。

The domestic demand of acetic acid up to 1,440,000-1,620,000 tons can be anticipated in 2010, if 60% is produced by methanol, 520,000 tons of methanol will be consumed;③Methanol can be used as feedstock to directly produce various pesticides ,such as fenitrothion, omethoate, dipterex etc., we anticipate that approximately 340,000 tons of methanol will be used to produce pesticides in 2010.④ Various medicines use methanol as feedstock, such as sulfanilamide, vitamin B6 etc., we anticipate that approximately 180,000 tons of methanol will be used to produce medicines in 2010.⑤ In the duration of dye production, methanol can be used as feedstock or solvent, such as s carlet base RC, disperse red GLZ, phthalocyanin ⑥ Synthetic resin also need methanol as feedstock such as organic glass, we anticipate that about 70,000 tons of methanol will be used to produce synthetic resin and plastics in 2010;⑦Synthetic fibers and synthetic rubber industry, will use methanol about 800,000 tons in 2010;⑧ At present, the production of MTBE is increase rapidly, there are 27 set of plants, total production capacity is 620,000 tons every year, and the demand is about 800,000 tons, there is gap between demand and supply.

预计2010年我国醋酸的需求量将达144～162万吨，按甲醇羰基法占60%计，将需求甲醇达52万吨；③多种农药的生产直接以甲醇为原料，如杀螟松、乐果、敌百虫等，预计到2010年甲醇用于生产农药约为34万吨；④多种医药药品以甲醇为原料，如长效磺胺、维生素B6等，预计到2010年甲醇用于医药约为18万吨；⑤染料生产过程中用甲醇作原料或溶剂，如红色基RC、分散红GLZ、阴率子GRL、酞菁素等等，预计2010年甲醇用量约为10万吨；⑥有机玻璃等合成树脂也需用甲醇为原料，预计到2010年甲醇用于生产合成树脂与塑料用量约为7万吨；⑦合成化纤与合成橡胶工业，2010年甲醇用量约为13万吨；⑧我国MTBE生产正处于快速增长期，现有MTBE装置27套，总生产能力62万吨/年，而年需求量约80万吨，有一定缺口。

Carnauba wax is harder then concrete in natural forum must be softened with solvents.

棕梠蜡在天然状态下比水泥还硬，必需透过一些溶剂来软化。

California VOC regulations have limited the aggressiveness of the solvents that can be used, but it is safe to say that no more then 28% of the wax can be carnauba wax. So how do we arrive at this number 60% or more?

加州政府对有机挥发物管理条例限制了这些溶剂的强度，所以可以说约只能达到融入28%的棕梠成分含量，所以，怎有可能可以达到60%以上的棕梠蜡成分浓度呢？

The essential oil from Cinnamomum cassia Presl was studied by non-polar solvent microwave-assisted extraction coupled with gas chromatagraphy-mass spectrometry.

利用非极性溶剂微波辅助提取-气相色谱质谱联用研究了肉桂中的挥发油成分，并测定了挥发油中的主要成分肉桂醛的含量。

As an open system, it is easy for reactants and solvents to vapor into microwave oven, and catch on fire or even explode once they once they touch the spark.

因为是敞开的反应体系，反应物和溶剂易挥发到微波炉体内，一碰着火星就会着火甚至爆炸。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。