溶剂

Based on the Flory-Huggins theory, the binodal, spinodal and critical point equations for polymer-solvent-nonsolvent system are derived in detail.

以Flory-Huggins理论为基础，详细推导了聚合物－溶剂－非溶剂三元聚合物成膜体系的双节线、旋节线和临界点求解方程，提供了方程的求解方法。

Combined the membrane morphology and the ternary system phase diagram, it is considered that, which is the results of the cooperation of binodal liquid-liquid demixing and spinodal liquid-liquid sub-demixing during the membrane formation process.

不同铸膜液溶解温度下胞腔的大小与PVDF分子和溶剂分子间的溶剂化作用、高分子线团的构象变化等因素有关。

Thermodynamic properties of PSf - DMAc - alcohols ternary systems are studied, the binodal is calculated. Cloud point curves from light scattering experiment verify the calculation results; The agreement between the cloud point curves and the binodal is quite well.

文章摘要：对聚砜-二甲基乙酰胺-醇类非溶剂构成的制膜体系的热力学特性进行了研究，计算出这些体系的双结点线，并用这些醇类非溶剂通过光散射法进行浊点滴定实验，浊点曲线与双结点线基本重合，验证了双结点线的计算结果。

Fluorous biphase system formed by organic solvents and perfluorous nonene or perfluorous hexane and toluene nitration were investigated.

研究了氟溶剂和有机溶剂组成的氟两相体系、等当量的甲苯和硝酸的硝化反应。

The tryptophan residues play important roles in DNA photoreactivation catalyzed by CPD photolyases. We have investigated the action mechanism concerning Trp in DNA photoreactivation, and obtained the results as follows: 1 We proposed a mechanism of photosensitized splitting of CPDs by Trp and Trp-containing peptides. 2 Quantum yields of splitting of the model compounds that a Trp linked covalently a CPD were obtained under 290 nm light in various solvents, these values changing with solvent, range from 0.01 to 0.5. 3 Utilizing pulse radiolysis technique, splitting processes were observed in aqueous solution of the CPDs with hydrated electron and some oxidative species (such as hydroxyl radical, bromic radical and azide radical), and obtained their rate constants. In the case of interaction between CPD and hydrated electron, splitting of the CPD anion, and pyrimidine anion transfer an electron to FAD or Rf, were observed. The process rate was slower one order more than that in photolyase. Minor, but highly mutagenic UV-light-induced lesions are (6-4) photoproducts, which are repaired by (6-4) photolyases. These enzymes, discovered in 1993, are not well characterized and their mechanism is still under investigation.

我们研究它的作用机理，获得以下结果：1）建立了色氨酸及其肽对嘧啶二聚体光敏化裂解的直接修复作用机理模型；2）获得了色氨酸共价键连接于嘧啶二聚体的化合物在多种溶剂中290nm光辐照裂解的量子效率，其值随溶剂而变化，范围在0.01-0.5；3）运用脉冲辐解观察到嘧啶二聚体与水合电子和一些氧化性的自由基作用裂解过程，得到相应速率常数；对二聚体与水合电子作用发生裂解以及向FAD返还电子的过程进行了体外模拟；4）（6-4）光解酶的作用机理中一个关键假定是氧杂环丁烷中间体在接受电子后能自发裂解，恢复二嘧啶的结构。

The effects of solvent on the bromization reaction and oxidant on the formolation reaction of the target product were studied. The results show that the optimum solvent for the bromization reaction and the optimum oxidant for the formolation reaction of the target product were carbon tetrachloride and ceric ammonium nitrate, and their yields were 86.7% and 89.3% respectively.

同时就溴化反应中的溶剂以及甲酰化反应中的氧化剂对两类反应的影响分别进行了研究，结果表明溴化反应的最佳溶剂为四氯化碳，反应产率达到86.7%，甲酰化反应的最佳氧化剂为硝酸铈铵，产率达到89.3%。

In the system, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide was used as the surfactant, Octane was used as the solvent and hexanol was used as the co-solvent.

在此萃取体系中，以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵作为表面活性剂，辛烷和己醇作为溶剂及助溶剂。

In the Cu-catalyzed enantioselective 1,4-conjugate addition of diethylzinc to acyclic enones, the reaction conditions, such as the amount of diethylzinc, solvents, temperature and the reaction time, were investigated in detail with 9a as the standard ligand and chalcone as the typical substrate.

考察了Et_2Zn量、溶剂、反应温度和反应时间等因素对反应的影响，得到了配体与Cu的摩尔比为2.5、1.5倍Et_2Zn用量、甲苯为反应溶剂、-20℃下反应6小时为不对称催化1，4-共轭加成的优化反应条件。

In fact, in addition to the deethanization toluene and xylene and so few pure hydrocarbons spirits, the spirits are various structure chlorohydrocarbon.

实际上除乙烷，甲苯和二甲苯等少数几种纯烃化合物溶剂油外，溶剂油都是各种结构烃类的混合物。

In the solvent does not occur in chromotropic, fading, and dry in the system of solvent release.

在相应的溶剂体系中，不会发生变色、褪色现象，且在体系干燥时有着良好的溶剂释放性。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。