溶剂

In DMSO, the polymerization of methyl methacrylate could be carried out efficiently. However the photopolymerization was inhibited in acetonitrile. It was ascribed to the complex formed between coumarin 1 and HTIB photolyzed to unreactive species after irradiation in acetonitrile.

在一般极性溶剂中如DMSO中能有效地引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯光聚合，而在电子受体性质的极性溶剂如乙腈中，光聚合反应受阻，这归结于香豆素1与羟基苯基碘鎓盐形成络合物，使得光反应后生成不具活性的产物。

The array consisted of 8 piezoelectric crystal sensors, each coated with an adsorptive material with unselective, but different response characteristics. The frequency shift data obtained from the array as the response to mixed vapour of common organic solvents of small molecular size were treated by using stepwise discrimination analysis, and five coatings that provided the maximum level of analyte discriminating ability were selected. The array constructed from these solvents was applied to recognizing alcoholic hydroxyl, carbonyl from other organic functional groups. The principal component analysis was applied to the original and autoscalled data. The two-dimensional display of the data showed well-defined clusters for solvents containing different functional groups separated from each other. The array was applied to identifying spirits and beverages.

该阵列由八个压电晶体传感器组成，每个传感器涂以具有广谱响应性能的不同吸附活性材料，阵列对常见小分子有机溶剂混合蒸气的响应频移数据采用逐步判别分析处理，选出五个供信能力最佳的判别变量，以此构成的阵列用于小分子有机溶剂混合蒸气中醇羟基、羰基与其它官能团的识别，并采用主成分分析法降维投影，在二维空间含相同官能团的物质聚为一类；阵列可用于酒类、软饮料的识别。

Veratrum aldehyde synthesis of many drugs intermediates, methyl aldehyde method for raw materials in Champlain, after dimethyl sulfate methylation available to 20% sodium hydroxide as the solvent, 10-11 in the PH value of the under the conditions of synthesis; microwave irradiation is the use of microwave radiation heating to replace the traditional approach to synthesis of a product of methylation reactions, this method does not require solvents, and less by-products, but still need to use 15% sodium hydroxide to adjust pH.

藜芦醛是许多药物合成的中间体，甲基化法以香兰醛为原料，经过硫酸二甲酯甲基化可得，以20%氢氧化钠为溶剂，在PH值为10-11的条件下合成；微波辐射法是利用微波辐射代替传统加热方式进行甲基化反应合成产物，这种方法不需要溶剂，并且副产物少，但仍需要用15%氢氧化钠来调节酸碱度。

The specific properties of materials, such as the palate adhesion, dynamic cruor, anti-bacterial and the degradability of lysozyme, were studied, which provide valuable data for further application. The main creative ideas are listed as follows:(1) The water-retention chitosan/poly vinyl alcohol blend fiber was obtained by coagulating in 10％ NaOH/ethanol solution, and the blend and crosslink due to GA can enhance the mechanical properties of fiber;(2) The controlled degradable chitosan/gelatin blend fiber was obtained by solution filature, and the mechanical properties were improved;(3) The N-acylchitosan with the different degree of substitution were successfully prepared, and the relationship between structure and properties was estabilished;(4) By a new solvent system of 6％ NaOH/4％ urea for cellulose, the blood anti-coagulant function films were prepared by blending cellulose with chitin;(5) In the same solvent system above mentioned, the anti-bacterial blend films based on cellulose and carboxymethyl-chitosan were prepared, and the relationship of DS and the anti-bacterial property was concluded;(6) The controlled degradable chitosan films was obtained by the chemical crosslink.

本论文的主要创新点：（1）以NaOH水溶液／无水乙醇为凝固液，采用溶液纺丝法制备出保水性壳聚糖／聚乙烯醇纤维，共混和戊二醛交联极大提高了壳聚糖纤维力学性能；（2）用壳聚糖和明胶共混，以溶液纺丝法制备出可控降解的壳聚糖／明胶纤维，并大幅度提高了壳聚糖共混纤维的干、湿态抗张强度；（3）确立了不同取代度N-酰基壳聚糖的合成方法及其膜的结构与性能的关系；（4）利用纤维素新溶剂6％NaOH／4％尿素制备出抗凝血性纤维素／甲壳素共混膜；（5）利用上述纤维素新溶剂制备出抗菌性纤维素／羧甲基壳聚糖共混膜，揭示了羧甲基壳聚糖取代度与抗菌性能的关系；（6）制备出可控降解壳聚糖交联膜。

In order to give sufficient data support for the design of terephthalic acid manufacture, corresponding phase equilibria, including solid-liquid equilibrium and vapor-liquid equilibrium, have been determined and studied.Improvements have been made on our former apparatus, which was used for the measurement of solid solubility, for the purpose of getting more precise experimental data in the range of lower solubility. Horizontal stir was changed to magnetic whirly one, which shortened the dissolving time remarkably.

对苯二甲酸生产中相关相平衡的测定与研究学院：化工学院专业：化学工艺指导教师：马沛生教授六级英语证书：有研究生：陈明鸣，于1997年4月在天津大学获工学硕士学位为了给设计单位提供有关对苯二甲酸生产中的相平衡数据，本文着重实验测定并以数学模型描述了以下两方面内容：TA和TA生产中的主要杂质在相关溶剂中的固液平衡，以及对二甲苯氧化反应器的溶剂体系醋酸-PX的汽液平衡。

Anhydrous alcohol and glacial acetic acid were used as component solvent, which the volume ratio was 2:1, zinc dust as reductant, reaction temperature was 25~35℃, reaction time was 2 h, the yield was 81%.

在还原反应中采用无水乙醇和冰醋酸的混和溶剂，两种溶剂的体积比为2：1，以锌粉为还原剂，反应温度为25~35℃，反应时间为2h，产率为81%。

Methods: DECB was dealed with heat , acid , alkali , roasting , organic solvent extracting , microorganism zymolysis , then the method of microrespiromete was used to detect/measure the respiratory activity respectively.

目的：研究小牛血清去蛋白提取物（deproteinated extract of calf blood，DECB）中生物活性物质的物理化学性质；方法：分别将小牛血清去蛋白提取物进行加热、加酸、加碱、烘烤、有机溶剂萃取、接种微生物发酵等方法处理，然后分别用微量呼吸检压法检测呼吸活性，结果：采用加热、加碱、加酸，接种微生物发酵的方法进行处理，DECB刺激呼吸活性的能力没有明显改变，而采用烘烤的方法处理，结果DECB的活性完全消失；用有机溶剂萃取DECB，可明显降低DECB刺激呼吸活性的能力，而有机相中含有了刺激呼吸活性物质。

Methods: Acorus tatarinowii Schott was used as model. Solvents of different polar were used for washing the uncomplexed oil and extracting the complexed oil respectively. The optimum solvent group were selected to determine the inclusion efficiency.

以石菖蒲油包合物为模型，采用不同极性的溶剂分别进行包合物表面未包合游离药的洗涤，以及包合物中已包合药物的提取，筛选出合适的溶剂组合用于挥发油包合物的包封率测定。

Methods Acorus gramineus soland was used as model .Different polar solvent was used for washing the uncomplexed oil and extracting the complexed oil respectively. The optimum solvent group were selected to determine inclusion efficiency.

以石菖蒲油包合物为模型，采用不同极性的溶剂分别进行包合物表面未包合游离药的洗涤，以及包合物中已包合药物的提取，筛选出合适溶剂组合用于挥发油包合物的包封率测定。

Chemiluminescent immunoassay is one of the advanced immunoassay ofnon-radioisotopic immunoassay because of its high sensitivity, wide dynamic range,high accuracy, stable labeled protein, full automation and extensive application field.CLIA using acridinium ester derivatives as chemiluminescent label has advantages oflow background, high signal-to-noise ratio, no need of catalyst and simpleluminescence system. Different aspects associating the DMAE·NHS-based CLIA were studied in thisthesis, including synthesis of acridinium ester, chemiluminescentcharacteristics of DMAE·NHS, labelling antibody or streptavidin with DMAE·NHS,two-site sandwich chemiluminescent immunoassay for TSH, two-sitesandwich chemiluminescent immunoassay involved biotin-streptavidinsystem for TSH, and competitive chemiluminescent immunoassay usingbiotin-streptavidin system for TT〓. The desired acridinium ester, DMAE·NHS, was synthesized according to thereference method with some modifications. The products were identified by IR, NMR,MS and elemental analysis. In our method, KOH was used in place of NaOH tosynthesize benzyl ester of 3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid,2',6'-dimethyl-4'-(n-succinimidyloxycarbonyl) phenyl-acridinium-9-carboxylate waspurified on a silica gel column with chloroform/ethylacetate(4:1, v/v) as eluent andfurther purified by triturating with hexane/acetone(2:1, v/v).

DMAE·NHS的合成是本论文的关键和难点，我们对文献方法进行改进：文献方法用氢氧化钠与3，5-二甲基-4-羟基苯甲酸反应制得3，5-二甲基-4-羟基苯甲酸钠，再用3，5-二甲基-4-羟基苯甲酸钠与苄氯作用制备3，5-二甲基-4-羟基苯甲酸苄酯，我们用氢氧化钾代替氢氧化钠，使合成取得成功；在合成2'，6'-二甲基-4'-苯基-吖啶-9-甲酸酯时，文献方法对粗产品进行两次硅胶柱层析纯化，第一次柱层析用氯仿／乙酸乙酯(4∶1，V∶V)作溶剂和淋洗剂，第二次柱层析用己烷／丙酮(2∶1，V∶V)作溶剂和淋洗剂，按照文献方法得到的不是所需要的化合物，我们只进行第一次柱层析纯化，然后用己烷／丙酮(2∶1，V∶V)进行研磨，过滤，洗涤，除去溶于己烷／丙酮(2∶1，V∶V)的部分，得到所需要的产品。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。