溶剂

The sporophore of Cordyceps militaris and the cordycepin content of intermediate products were monitored in the whole course according to the relation between fixed and mobile phases of solvents in a combination system of binary and quaternary solvents, in which the applied methods were successively supercritical fluid extraction, alcohol sedimentation, low-pressure normal-phase silica-gel chromatography, reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and fractional crystallization.

根据溶剂的固定相与流动相之间的相对关系，采用了二元和四元组合的溶剂系统，顺次采用超临界流体萃取法、醇沉法、低压正相硅胶色谱法、反相高效制备液相色谱法、分步结晶法和反相高效液相色谱法，子实体及其中间产物中的虫草素含量变化情况。

The easy generation of middle-and-steady-state and special phase under the hydrothermal condition, enable to form matter which is hard to form in low melting point, high-pressure steam and in the melting state, and enable to the crystallization generation under hydrothermal condition, such as the high-temperature thermal decomposition.

在水热与溶剂热条件下中间态、介稳态以及特殊物相易于生成，能够使低熔点、高蒸气压且不能在融体中生成的物质，及高温分解相等在水热与溶剂热条件下晶化生成。

In these solvents there is an equilibrium for 2-(2-mercaptophenyl)benzoxazole in the ground state between E1 and K, and the equilibrium shifts toward the tautomer K as the polarity of the solvent increases.

在溶液中，随着溶剂极性的增强，醇式异构体E1与K之间的反应平衡向K方向移动，在非极性溶剂环己烷中， E1为优势构型，而在强极性水溶液中， K为优势构型。

Secondly, preparing terpineol and discussion of its results. It was put up by reaction-temperature, reaction-time, the ratio of catalyst and raw material, the kinds of esterify and dosage, the choice of solvent, catalyst life-span and so on. It was discovered that turpentine transform ratio was 86.29%, the yield ratio of terpineol was 68.89%, the selectivity of solid superacid catalyst was 79.84%.

二，松油醇的制备及结果讨论，从反应温度、时间、物料配比、酯化剂的种类与用量、溶剂的选择、催化剂寿命等几个进行了考察，结果发现反应温度为T3、时间L5小时、酯化剂用F3、物料配比为H3％、溶剂用G等时，松节油的转化率为86.29％、松油醇的收率为68.89％、固体超强酸催化剂的选择性为79.84％。

ESCA results show that silica is coated on surface of the polymeric microspheres. SEM analysis reveals that when water was used as a solvent, uniform silica coating on the surface of organic microsphere can be obtained, and when the reactive time is 10 minutes, an uniform coating layer can be prepared. But when tetrachloroethylene was used as a reactive solvent, an inhomogeneous silica coating is found on the organic microspheres.

由化学分析电子光谱仪纵深分析可以得到，矽的前驱物是藉由披覆方式附著在有机微球表面；SEM分析发现以水为溶剂所合成出之披覆有二氧化矽的有机微球表面呈现均匀披覆效果，并且当反应时间为10min时表面均匀披覆效果最好；而以四氯乙烯为溶剂的系统所合成之微球则呈现不均匀披覆。

The results indicated that CHCl3 was optimum reagent and the reaction temperature was better controlled at 10~15℃. Dinitrogen tetraoxide and nitric acidhad a detrimental effect on the yield and purity of 1,2-propanediol dinitrate. When the concentrations of dinitrogen tetroxide and nitric acid were below 1.00% and 5.53% respectively, these detrimental effects could be neglected. Under the optimum conditions, the yields and the purity of 1,2-propanediol dinitrate were 99.01% and 95.89%, respectively.

同时考察了反应溶剂、反应温度、N_2O_5中N_2O_4和HNO_3杂质对1，2-丙二醇二硝酸酯收率和纯度的影响，结果表明，适宜的溶剂是CHCl3；适宜的反应温度为10～15℃；在适宜条件下，1，2-丙二醇二硝酸酯的收率和纯度可分别达到99.01%和95.89%；N_2O_4和HNO_3对产物的收率和纯度均有不利影响，但当N_2O_5中N_2O_4含量小于1.00%，HNO_3含量小于5.53%时，对产物收率和纯度的影响不大。

CH3OH could attack the phosphor atom in 1,3,2-dioxaphopholane of compiound (1) to give O-methyl O-hydroxyethyl-O-phthalimidoethyl thiophosphate in 85% yield; in the presence of potassium hydroxide aryl selenol could attack the carbon atom in 1,3,2-diox-aphopholane of the cyclic phospholipid conjugate of N^1-(2-furanidyl)-N^3--5-fluorouracil to give the corresponding product of ring-opening in high yields.

在室温下，以异丙醇作溶剂，苯硒酚与化合物2不反应。在氢氧化钾存在下，以异丙醇／水作溶剂（体积比20：1，在室温下，硒酚可以有效地进攻中化合物2中1，3，2-二氧磷杂环戊烷中的碳原子生成相应的开环产物。按照这一反应条件，顺利实现了硒酚对N^1-（2-呋喃基）-N^3-羟烷基-5-氟脲嘧啶硫代环甘油磷脂缀合物的亲核开环，生成甘油骨架的端碳原子上带有芳硒基新颖的磷脂核苷缀合物。

The following are main achievements of this dissertation:1 We test the changes of laser transmittance after cleaning.

利用溶剂和杂质对激光透过率的关系，分析等离子体对溶剂和杂质的清除作用。

The extracting ability of several organic solvents such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, glycerol triacetate, iso-amy lacetate, and n-butanol, was compared, and it was found that ethyl acetate was a good kind of organic solvent.

比较了几种不同的有机溶剂：正丁醇、乙酸丁酯、乙酸乙酯、三乙酸甘油酯、乙酸异戊酯等的萃取能力，发现乙酸乙酯是一种理想的提取溶剂。

According to physical chemistry theory, the interaction between sample and solvent in uncured mix and vulcanite was studied Taking aniline replace ammonia as basic agent, traditional measurement method for bound rubber in uncured mix and cross-linkage density in vulcanite was improved New method ensures sufficient touch between sample and basic agent Besides, experimental operation is simplified, the condition is controlled easily, and reproducibility is good for new method It is believed that new method is suitable for other rubber matrix and other filler

探讨未硫化胶和硫化胶试样与各种溶剂的相互作用。用苯胺代替氨作为碱性试剂，改进了传统结合橡胶和交联密度的测定方法。新方法保证了溶剂与试样的充分接触，且实验操作简单，条件易于控制，结果重现性好。新方法可用于其它橡胶基复合材料体系。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。