溴水

UV-Vis and continuous variation plot method were used to study the complexation of γ-cyclodextrin with bromocresol green, and the stoichiometric ratio of the complexation was to be 1∶2. Thermodynamic analysis results show an inverse relationship between temperature and complexation constant, and the change of enthalpy, entropy and free energy of the complexation were -39.988 kJ/mol, 86.400 J/ and -14.245 kJ/mol, respectively, which indicating that hydrophobic effect was the main force to form the complexes.γ-Cyclodextrin and bromocresol green complexes were examined by nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared spectrum and molecular modeling analysis, and was may be the group included in γ-cyclodextrin.

采用紫外-可见分光光度法和等摩尔连续变化法研究了γ-环糊精与溴甲酚绿的包合作用，确定了包合物形成的化学计量比为1∶2；采用热力学方法分析了温度与包合常数之间的关系，计算了包合过程的焓变、熵变及自由能变化分别为-39.988 kJ/mol， 86.400 J/和-14.245 kJ/mol，这表明疏水作用力为主要驱动力；采用核磁共振、分子模拟和红外光谱法对包合物进行了研究，确定了包合物的形成，分析认为这可能是基团进入γ-环糊精腔内导致增色效应。

The structural and photocatalytic properties of TiO〓 as well as surface acidity were greatly improved by sulfation. SO〓〓/TiO〓 solid superacid with Hammett constant Ho less than -12.14 was prepared by treating the TiO〓 with 1.0mol. L〓 sulfuric acid solution and then calcining at 450℃ for 3h. When compared to unmodified TiO〓, the SO〓〓/TiO〓 superacid catalyst exhibited higher anatase content, smaller crystal size, higher specific surface area, centralized pore size distribution, and the blue-shifted band edge of uv-vis adsorption spectra. Furthermore, the SO〓〓/TiO〓 superacid also showed excellent reaction activity and stability for CH〓Br photocatalytic decomposition even under the moist reaction conditions. The apparent quantum efficiency of SO〓〓/TiO〓 was 10 times of that of TiO〓 catalyst for the photocatalytic degradation of bromomethane. Therefore, the SO〓〓/TiO〓 superacid catalyst is promising for practical application in environmental remediation.It was found that both L and B acid sites exist on SO〓〓/TiO〓 photocatalyst while only L acid sites on TiO〓 photocatalyst. On the basis of experimental results, the synergistic model of superacidic centers was proposed for SO〓〓/TiO〓 photocatalyst to explain the photocatalytic behavior and the mechanism of superacidifing effects, assuming that the adjacent L and B acid sites induced by SO〓〓 comprise cooperatively the superacidic center on superacid photocatalyst. The group cooperation of the superacidic center could strengthen the surface acidity, increase surface acid sites and the adsorbtion of O〓, promote separation of photogenerated electron-hole pair, enhance the interfacial transfer of charges and reversibility of water adsorption. Consequently the excellent photocatalytic activity, reaction stability and resistibility to humidity of SO〓〓/TiO〓 superacid photocatalyst may attributed to the group cooperated effect of the superacidic center on the photocatalyst.

研究结果表明：SO〓〓与TiO〓表面的结合为螯合式双配位结构；TiO〓光催化剂表面经H〓SO〓浸渍处理后，提高了表面酸性，改善了催化剂结构和光催化性能，当H〓SO〓浸渍浓度为1.0mol.L〓、烧结温度为450℃时，可制得SO〓〓/TiO〓超强酸催化剂(H〓＜-12.14)，其结构和光催化活性得到明显改善，与TiO〓相比，SO〓〓/TiO〓光催化剂的锐钛矿含量高、晶粒小、BET比表面积大、孔径分布集中、光谱吸收边蓝移，具有优异的光催化氧化活性、稳定性及抗湿性能，光催化降解溴代甲烷的表观量子效率比TiO〓催化剂提高了一个数量级，是一种有实际应用前景的高效光催化剂；由此提出了SO〓〓/TiO〓超强酸催化剂表面集团协同作用的超强酸中心模型，认为在SO〓〓/TiO〓超强酸催化剂表面，由SO〓〓诱导的相邻L酸中心和B酸中心组成了集团协同作用的超强酸中心，其集团协同作用显著地增强了催化剂表面酸性、增大了表面酸量及O〓吸附量、促进了光生电子和空穴的分离及界面电荷转移，具有可逆吸附水的性能，是SO〓〓/TiO〓超强酸催化剂具有优异的光催化氧化活性、很好的活性稳定性及抗湿性能的重要原因。

The apparent quantum efficiency of SO〓〓/TiO〓 was 10 times of that of TiO〓 catalyst for the photocatalytic degradation of bromomethane. Therefore, the SO〓〓/TiO〓 superacid catalyst is promising for practical application in environmental remediation.It was found that both L and B acid sites exist on SO〓〓/TiO〓 photocatalyst while only L acid sites on TiO〓 photocatalyst. On the basis of experimental results, the synergistic model of superacidic centers was proposed for SO〓〓/TiO〓 photocatalyst to explain the photocatalytic behavior and the mechanism of superacidifing effects, assuming that the adjacent L and B acid sites induced by SO〓〓 comprise cooperatively the superacidic center on superacid photocatalyst. The group cooperation of the superacidic center could strengthen the surface acidity, increase surface acid sites and the adsorbtion of O〓, promote separation of photogenerated electron-hole pair, enhance the interfacial transfer of charges and reversibility of water adsorption. Consequently the excellent photocatalytic activity, reaction stability and resistibility to humidity of SO〓〓/TiO〓 superacid photocatalyst may attributed to the group cooperated effect of the superacidic center on the photocatalyst.

研究结果表明：SO〓〓与TiO〓表面的结合为螯合式双配位结构；TiO〓光催化剂表面经H〓SO〓浸渍处理后，提高了表面酸性，改善了催化剂结构和光催化性能，当H〓SO〓浸渍浓度为1.0mol.L〓、烧结温度为450℃时，可制得SO〓〓/TiO〓超强酸催化剂(H〓＜-12.14)，其结构和光催化活性得到明显改善，与TiO〓相比，SO〓〓/TiO〓光催化剂的锐钛矿含量高、晶粒小、BET比表面积大、孔径分布集中、光谱吸收边蓝移，具有优异的光催化氧化活性、稳定性及抗湿性能，光催化降解溴代甲烷的表观量子效率比TiO〓催化剂提高了一个数量级，是一种有实际应用前景的高效光催化剂；由此提出了SO〓〓/TiO〓超强酸催化剂表面集团协同作用的超强酸中心模型，认为在SO〓〓/TiO〓超强酸催化剂表面，由SO〓〓诱导的相邻L酸中心和B酸中心组成了集团协同作用的超强酸中心，其集团协同作用显著地增强了催化剂表面酸性、增大了表面酸量及O〓吸附量、促进了光生电子和空穴的分离及界面电荷转移，具有可逆吸附水的性能，是SO〓〓/TiO〓超强酸催化剂具有优异的光催化氧化活性、很好的活性稳定性及抗湿性能的重要原因。

Just prior to the analysis, prep a re the test solution by adding 0.5ml of the bromophenol blue indicator solution to each 100ml of the aqueous acetone solution and titrating with 0.01 N HCl or 0.01 N NaOH until the test solution is just yellow in color.

分析前准备好测试溶剂，100ml含2%水的丙酮加到锥形瓶中，加0.5ml 1%溴酚蓝水溶液指示剂，用0.01N NaOH溶液滴定至绿色或蓝色，然后用0.01N 盐酸标准溶液滴定至刚好呈黄色

The conclution is confiemed mutually by the tested result of TBAB distribution coefficients in the differen phases in Benzene/TBAB/water/KBr system,the distribution coefficients is tested by the method of Bromothymol Blue Spectrophotometric Determination.

得到结论同溴百里酚蓝分光光度法测定苯/TBAB/水/KBr体系各相态中TBAB分配系数的结果相互验证。

Methods:total alkaloids of radix Sophora lavescens were extracted by acidified water,then adjusted to neutral by sodium hydroxide solution, dissolved with buffer solution,then were mixed with 0.025％ of bromothymol solution and chloroform,and then the mixture was shaken,standing and demixed,the absorbability of chloroform layer was detected at the wavelength of 413nm.

将苦参的酸水提取液用氢氧化钠溶液调节至中性后，依次加入pH=7.6缓冲溶液，溴代麝香草酚蓝指示液、氯仿混合振摇，静置分层，于413 nm波长处测定氯仿层吸收度。

In this article, the preparation of benzyl 4-hydroxybenzoate in water was reported, with 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and benzyl chloride as main raw materials, cetyl trimthylamonium bromide as phrase transfer catalyst.

采用改进工艺，以正十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为相转移催化剂，水为溶剂，对羟基苯甲酸和氯化苄为主要原料，合成对羟基苯甲酸苄酯。

In this Ph. D. dissertation, reverse microemulsion method was fully used infabricating and modifying polyacrylamide with functional and high-relative moleculeweight. The copolymerization of 2-acrylamide-2-methylpxopanesulfonic acid, fluorescent monomer 4-methoxy-N-(2-N\', N\'-dimethylamino ethyl)naphthalimide alkyl chloride quaternary ammonium salt, fluorescentmonomer 4-(N\'-methyl-1-piperazinylallyl)-N-butyl-naphthalimide chloride quaternaryammonium salt, Cationic monomer dimethylethylammonium bromide and hydrophobical monomer octadecylacrylate with acrylamide and properties of the copolymers werestudied. The interaction between five polymers and Al_2O_3(012) crystal surface have beensimulated by Materials Studio 3.0 program package, binding energies and non-bondinteraction energies and deformation energies have also been acquired.

本文以制备具有较高相对分子质量和功能型PAM为研究目的，将反相微乳液法运用到其制备及改性的有关环节，通过反相微乳液聚合工艺，将几种改性功能单体2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基-丙磺酸、荧光单体2-(4-甲氧基-1，8-萘二甲酰亚胺基)-乙基二甲基烯丙基氯化铵、荧光单体4-(N'-甲基-1-哌嗪基)-N-丁基-1，8-萘烯丙氯季铵盐、阳离子单体丙烯酰氧乙基-二甲基-乙基溴化铵和疏水单体丙烯酸十八酯与AM共聚，制备AMPS改性PAM、荧光示踪型PAM、阳离子单体DMB改性PAM和OA改性PAM等四类不同功能单体改性PAM，并研究其应用性能。

A series of dissymmetric Gemini surfactants with the structure ofC_(12H_(25)CH_(3_(2)N~CH_(2_(4)N~CH_(3_(2)C_mH_(2m+1),denoted as C_(12)-4-C_m(m is 14,16,18),have been synthesized with N,N-dimethylalkylamine and 1,4-dibromobutane as the initial reagents.

以N，N-二甲基脂肪胺和1，4-二溴丁烷为原料，合成了一系列具有不同疏水链的不对称Gemini表面活性剂C12H25(CH3)2N+(CH2)4N+(CH3)2CmH2m+1(C12-4-Cm，m=12，14，16，18)，并通过1H NMR、MS和元素分析等方法鉴定其结构。

Progress in dissymmetric Gemini surfactants;2. A series of dissymmetric Gemini surfactants with the structure ofC_(12H_(25)CH_(3_(2)N~CH_(2_(4)N~CH_(3_(2)C_mH_(2m+1),denoted as C_(12)-4-C_m(m is 14,16,18),have been synthesized with N,N-dimethylalkylamine and 1,4-dibromobutane as the initial reagents.

以N，N-二甲基脂肪胺和1，4-二溴丁烷为原料，合成了一系列具有不同疏水链的不对称Gemini表面活性剂C12H25(CH3)2N+(CH2)4N+(CH3)2CmH2m+1(C12-4-Cm，m=12，14，16，18)，并通过1H NMR、MS和元素分析等方法鉴定其结构。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。