溴化的

A new chiral quaternary ammonium salt 1a was synthesized by the reaction of cinchonine and(2,4,6-)trimethyl benzyl chloride.Etherification between 1a and benzyl bromide,allyl chloride,or methyl give corresponding etherified quaternary ammonium salts 1b,1c,and 1d.

由辛可宁和2，4，6-三甲基苄氯，合成了一种新的手性季铵盐(1a)，并进一步用苄基溴、碘甲烷和烯丙基氯对分子中的羟基进行醚化，得到相转移催化剂1b、1c和1d。

Through esterification of functionality —COOM on side chains of xanthan gum by 1-bromooctane,water soluble hydrophobically modified xanthan gums of octyl substitution 11 and 21 per 100 structural units,HMXG-C8-11 and-21,are prepared.

用1-溴代辛烷使黄原胶XG侧链上的—COOM基团酯化，得到以100结构单元计取代度为11和21的水溶性疏水改性黄原胶HMXG-C8-11和-21。

In the second chapter, the mechanism of the gold-catalyzed cycloisomerization of bromoallenyl ketone was investigated and discussed.

在第二章中，通过理论计算对金催化的溴代连二烯酮环异构化反应的机理进行了研究和讨论。

In the arylation reaction, the temperature was meliorated from -40℃ to -15℃, which could be easy controlled with ice-salt bath. Furthermore, the reaction could be carried out reposefully by adding the initiator.

其中在以2，5-二氟溴苯格氏试剂进行芳基化反应时，改进了反应条件，克服了文献使用的低温条件(-40℃)，简便了操作，同时通过加入合适的引发剂，使反应能够平稳进行。

The paper reviews the progress of ionic liquids as microwave mediums or catalysts in the fields of organic synthesis, mainly including cyclization, nucleophilic substitution, ring closing metathesis, acylation, rearrangement, polymerization, coupling, oxidation and reduction as well as selective debromination, etc.

本文综述了以离子液体为反应介质或催化剂的微波辅助技术在多种类型有机反应中的研究成果，主要包括了环合反应、亲核取代反应、金属复分解反应、酰化反应、重排反应、聚合反应、偶联反应、氧化还原反应和选择性脱溴反应等。

The paper reviews the progress of ionic liquids as microwave medium or catalyst in the fields of organic synthesis, mainly including cyclization reation, nucleophilic subsitution reaction, metathesis reaction, acylation reation, rearragement reaction, polymerization reaction, coupling reaction, oxidation and reduction reaction as well as selective debromination reaction etc.

本文综述了以离子液体为反应介质或催化剂的微波辅助技术在多种类型有机反应中的研究成果，主要包括了环合反应、亲核取代反应、金属复分解反应、酰化反应、重排反应、聚合反应、偶联反应、氧化还原反应和选择性脱溴反应等。

20% Hydrobromic acid was selected as the optimum condition for O-demethyltion. A total yield raised 59.90% was obtained.

采用20%的氢溴酸作为去氧甲基化试剂的新工艺，收率高、成本低、操作简便，适合规模生产。

Results The synthesis condition was improved. The method of methane sulfonic acid/DL-methionine was found an ideal substitute of BBr3 for less cost. While using hydrobromic acid, the O-demethylation and hydrolyzation could be combined in one stage.

结果 优化了纳洛酮的合成工艺，甲磺酸／DL-甲硫氨酸法试剂价格低廉，可降低生产成本；而氢溴酸法不但试剂价格更低，还可将去氧甲基化和水解合并为一步反应，使新工艺的总收率提高到59.90%，产品质量符合中国药典。

The synthetic route starts from penicillin G, peroxyacetic acid(8.5%) as Oxidizing Agent to get penicillin G sulfoxide; esterifided with p-nitrobenzyl bromine to synthesize penicillin G sulfoxide ester; we synthesize 3-exomethylenecepham sulfoxide ester with phthalimide potassium and 4A molecular sieve as acid scavenger to open the ring, SnCl_4 as catalyzation to close the ring. The yield is over 60%.

本研究采用的合成路线为：以青霉素G钾盐为原料，选用工业过氧化氢制备的过氧乙酸(22.3%)稀释至8.5%为氧化剂，氧化得青霉素亚砜；采用对硝基溴苄为酯化试剂，制备青霉素亚砜酯；以NCP(N-氯代邻苯二甲酰亚胺)为开环试剂，酞酰亚胺钾和4A型分子筛为酸清除剂，顺利开环；再经无水SnCl_4催化闭环得3-环外亚甲基头孢亚砜酯，最终产率在60%以上。

A new oscillographic potentiometric kinetic method for determining super trace aromatic amine was developed, based on the brominating reaction of aromatic amine and bromine.

将动力学分析法与示波电位法相结合，利用KBrO3与KBr的反歧化反应和溴代反应体系，提出了测定痕量芳胺的新方法。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新