溴代甲烷

Such experiments should be conducted to determine the adsorptive capacity of GAC for bromate- and THM-removal in ozonated seawater.

此类试验应该可被用于确定活性炭对臭氧海水中的溴酸盐和卤代甲烷的吸附能力。

Bromoform was the only trihalomethane found in significant amount.

溴仿是发现的唯一含量较高的卤代甲烷类物质。

However, the surplus residual chlorine can affect people's taste and smell, destroy the quality of water. Moreover, in the process of disinfection, chlorine can react with organic matter and produce a series of hydrochloric ether such as chloroform, bromoform, bromodichloromethane, chlorodibromomethane and so on, these matters can cause to some extent cancer to human body.

但是，水中过量的余氯会影响水的口感和气味，破坏水的品质；此外，在消毒过程中，氯与水中残余的有机物产生化学作用，生成一系列氯代烃如三氯甲烷、溴仿、溴二氯甲烷、氯二溴甲烷等，这些物质会对人体产生一定程度的致癌作用；对于以自然水源作为生活用水来源的城市必然要对水加氯消毒后才可使用。

Methods: The twelve volatile halogenated hydrocarbons (1, 1-dichloroethene, dicloromethane, trans-1, 2-dichloroethene, cis-1, 2-dichloroethene, chloroform-1, 1, 1-trichloroethane-1, 2-dichloroethane, tetrachloromethane, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, tetrachloroentene and bromoform) in drinking water were determined by headspace capillary gas chromatography.

采用顶空毛细管柱气相色谱法测定饮用水中1，1-二氯乙烯、二氯甲烷、反－1，2-二氯乙烯、顺－1，2-二氯乙烯、三氯甲烷、1，1，1-三氯乙烷、1，2-二氯乙烷、四氯化碳、一溴二氯甲烷、二溴一氯甲烷、四氯乙烯及三溴甲烷等12种挥发性卤代有机物。

SO〓〓/M〓O〓 solid superacid was applied to the photocatalytic oxidation of organic pollutants for the first time. Porous SO〓〓/TiO〓 solid superacid catalysts with high specific surface area were prepared by sol-gel method. The photocatalytic degradation of bromomethane was used as model reaction. The influence of impregnation with H〓SO〓 solution on the structure of catalysts and their photocatalytic performance was systematically studied by using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, N〓 sorption analysis applying BET method, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, O〓-TPD and photocatalytic activity measurement. The acidity of TiO〓-based catalysts was investigated by Hammett indicator method, NH〓-TPD and IR spectra of pyridine adsorbtion. The mechanism of superacidifing effects on photocatalytic performances such as the photocatalytic degradation rate of bromomethane, apparent kinetic constant and apparent quantum efficiency was discussed.The results indicated that SO〓〓 is combined with metal ions of TiO〓 in a chelating bidentate mode.

本文首次将SO〓〓/MxOy型固体超强酸催化剂用于光催化氧化有机污染物研究，采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了具有多孔性和大比表面结构的二氧化钛基固体超强酸光催化剂SO〓〓/TiO〓，以光催化降解溴代甲烷为模型反应，系统地研究了H〓SO〓浸渍处理对催化剂表面酸性及其气相光催化性能的影响，结合XRD、BET、XPS、FTIR、Hammett指示剂法、吡啶吸附红外光谱、NH〓-TPD、O〓-TPD、紫外可见漫反射光谱等多种表征手段，深入地讨论了超强酸化对TiO〓的改性机理，阐明了引起SO〓〓/TiO〓超强酸催化剂光催化降解溴代甲烷的转化率、表观反应速率常数和表观量子效率变化的本质原因。

The structural and photocatalytic properties of TiO〓 as well as surface acidity were greatly improved by sulfation. SO〓〓/TiO〓 solid superacid with Hammett constant Ho less than -12.14 was prepared by treating the TiO〓 with 1.0mol. L〓 sulfuric acid solution and then calcining at 450℃ for 3h. When compared to unmodified TiO〓, the SO〓〓/TiO〓 superacid catalyst exhibited higher anatase content, smaller crystal size, higher specific surface area, centralized pore size distribution, and the blue-shifted band edge of uv-vis adsorption spectra. Furthermore, the SO〓〓/TiO〓 superacid also showed excellent reaction activity and stability for CH〓Br photocatalytic decomposition even under the moist reaction conditions. The apparent quantum efficiency of SO〓〓/TiO〓 was 10 times of that of TiO〓 catalyst for the photocatalytic degradation of bromomethane. Therefore, the SO〓〓/TiO〓 superacid catalyst is promising for practical application in environmental remediation.It was found that both L and B acid sites exist on SO〓〓/TiO〓 photocatalyst while only L acid sites on TiO〓 photocatalyst. On the basis of experimental results, the synergistic model of superacidic centers was proposed for SO〓〓/TiO〓 photocatalyst to explain the photocatalytic behavior and the mechanism of superacidifing effects, assuming that the adjacent L and B acid sites induced by SO〓〓 comprise cooperatively the superacidic center on superacid photocatalyst. The group cooperation of the superacidic center could strengthen the surface acidity, increase surface acid sites and the adsorbtion of O〓, promote separation of photogenerated electron-hole pair, enhance the interfacial transfer of charges and reversibility of water adsorption. Consequently the excellent photocatalytic activity, reaction stability and resistibility to humidity of SO〓〓/TiO〓 superacid photocatalyst may attributed to the group cooperated effect of the superacidic center on the photocatalyst.

研究结果表明：SO〓〓与TiO〓表面的结合为螯合式双配位结构；TiO〓光催化剂表面经H〓SO〓浸渍处理后，提高了表面酸性，改善了催化剂结构和光催化性能，当H〓SO〓浸渍浓度为1.0mol.L〓、烧结温度为450℃时，可制得SO〓〓/TiO〓超强酸催化剂(H〓＜-12.14)，其结构和光催化活性得到明显改善，与TiO〓相比，SO〓〓/TiO〓光催化剂的锐钛矿含量高、晶粒小、BET比表面积大、孔径分布集中、光谱吸收边蓝移，具有优异的光催化氧化活性、稳定性及抗湿性能，光催化降解溴代甲烷的表观量子效率比TiO〓催化剂提高了一个数量级，是一种有实际应用前景的高效光催化剂；由此提出了SO〓〓/TiO〓超强酸催化剂表面集团协同作用的超强酸中心模型，认为在SO〓〓/TiO〓超强酸催化剂表面，由SO〓〓诱导的相邻L酸中心和B酸中心组成了集团协同作用的超强酸中心，其集团协同作用显著地增强了催化剂表面酸性、增大了表面酸量及O〓吸附量、促进了光生电子和空穴的分离及界面电荷转移，具有可逆吸附水的性能，是SO〓〓/TiO〓超强酸催化剂具有优异的光催化氧化活性、很好的活性稳定性及抗湿性能的重要原因。

The apparent quantum efficiency of SO〓〓/TiO〓 was 10 times of that of TiO〓 catalyst for the photocatalytic degradation of bromomethane. Therefore, the SO〓〓/TiO〓 superacid catalyst is promising for practical application in environmental remediation.It was found that both L and B acid sites exist on SO〓〓/TiO〓 photocatalyst while only L acid sites on TiO〓 photocatalyst. On the basis of experimental results, the synergistic model of superacidic centers was proposed for SO〓〓/TiO〓 photocatalyst to explain the photocatalytic behavior and the mechanism of superacidifing effects, assuming that the adjacent L and B acid sites induced by SO〓〓 comprise cooperatively the superacidic center on superacid photocatalyst. The group cooperation of the superacidic center could strengthen the surface acidity, increase surface acid sites and the adsorbtion of O〓, promote separation of photogenerated electron-hole pair, enhance the interfacial transfer of charges and reversibility of water adsorption. Consequently the excellent photocatalytic activity, reaction stability and resistibility to humidity of SO〓〓/TiO〓 superacid photocatalyst may attributed to the group cooperated effect of the superacidic center on the photocatalyst.

研究结果表明：SO〓〓与TiO〓表面的结合为螯合式双配位结构；TiO〓光催化剂表面经H〓SO〓浸渍处理后，提高了表面酸性，改善了催化剂结构和光催化性能，当H〓SO〓浸渍浓度为1.0mol.L〓、烧结温度为450℃时，可制得SO〓〓/TiO〓超强酸催化剂(H〓＜-12.14)，其结构和光催化活性得到明显改善，与TiO〓相比，SO〓〓/TiO〓光催化剂的锐钛矿含量高、晶粒小、BET比表面积大、孔径分布集中、光谱吸收边蓝移，具有优异的光催化氧化活性、稳定性及抗湿性能，光催化降解溴代甲烷的表观量子效率比TiO〓催化剂提高了一个数量级，是一种有实际应用前景的高效光催化剂；由此提出了SO〓〓/TiO〓超强酸催化剂表面集团协同作用的超强酸中心模型，认为在SO〓〓/TiO〓超强酸催化剂表面，由SO〓〓诱导的相邻L酸中心和B酸中心组成了集团协同作用的超强酸中心，其集团协同作用显著地增强了催化剂表面酸性、增大了表面酸量及O〓吸附量、促进了光生电子和空穴的分离及界面电荷转移，具有可逆吸附水的性能，是SO〓〓/TiO〓超强酸催化剂具有优异的光催化氧化活性、很好的活性稳定性及抗湿性能的重要原因。

According to the Box-Benhnken design principle,the method of response surface method with 3 factors and 3 levels was used. The factors influencing the technological parameters were determined by means of regression analysis. Response surfaces were finally graphed with the yield as the response value. The synthesis conditions were optimized as follows:reaction reagent was NBS,stoichiometric proportion between NBS and anhydrovinblastine was 1.07; the dosage of TFA was 22 mL/L; reaction temperature was －68 ℃ and duration was 90 min.

在单因素实验基础上，根据Box-Benhnken实验设计原理，采用三因素三水平的响应面分析法，研究了各个因素及其交互作用后，得到了合成7′-Br-脱水长春碱的最佳工艺条件：以二氯甲烷为溶剂，采用NBS为溴代剂，其用量与底物的物质的量比为1.07∶1，TFA的加入量22 mL/L，在－68 ℃下反应90 min，终止反应后，得到卤代产物。

The phosphines such as 〓, dppm bis(diphenylphosphinemethane, dppebis(diphenylphineethane and dppp bis(diphenylphosphinrpropaneare chosen for study. The chloro alkane, bromide alkane and acetone arechosen as solvents.

选择有机单膦〓和双膦配体dppm二(二苯基膦甲烷、dppe二(二苯基膦乙烷、dppp二(二苯基膦乙烷与〓反应，选择氯代烷、溴代烷和丙酮为反应溶剂。

I will endeavour to find you some assistance.

我尽力帮你找人帮忙。

At first I only know bruck is the idol of American younglings, afterwards I returned back to Taiwan ,even in Beijing last year ,I saw her poster everywhere, I was so surprised at her charm.

起初我只晓得布鲁克雷德丝是美国少男少女崇拜的偶像，后来回台湾，甚至去年在北京，居然也四处看见她的海报，才惊讶她的魅力之大。