湿地

When big, moderate rain and rainstorm, the Y value size order is always the masson pine pinus elliottii mixed forest＜the wetland pinery＜the wetland pinery＜the locust tree forest＜the locust tree pinus elliottii mixed forest＜the thin forest, to the soil protection effect, the conifer forest is better than broad leaved forest. For annual rainfall erosion, the Y value ordered: Locust tree forest＜wetland pinery＜locust tree pinus elliottii mixed forest＜wetland pinery＜masson pine pinus elliottii mixed forest＜thin forest.

大、中雨和暴雨时，Y值的大小顺序都是马尾松湿地松混交林＜湿地松林＜湿地松林＜刺槐林＜刺槐湿地松混交林＜疏林，对土壤保护效果针叶林优于阔叶林；对于年降雨侵蚀，Y值的大小顺序是：刺槐林＜湿地松林＜刺槐湿地松混交林＜湿地松林＜马尾松湿地松混交林＜疏林。

The results show that:(1) wetland reservoirs can control wetland degeneration and springwater overflow;(2)wetland reservoirs can store floodwater and winter to prevent flood, drought and desertification so that keep ecological system balance of wetland;(3) uncoordinated contradiction between agricultural water use and ecological water demand can be resolved under the adjustable function of wetland reservoirs;(4)wetland reservoirs has effective capability to keep biological diversity.

对位于玛纳斯河流域泉水溢出带中的湿地水库群对流域生态环境的作用进行了研究，结果表明，该湿地水库群在防止湿地萎缩退化、防止次生盐渍化、保护流域内生物多样性、防风固沙、防止土壤沙化、抵御洪、旱灾害威胁、加强湿地调控能力以及增加了绿洲的人口承载能力和生产力等方面起到了很好的保护作用。

First of all, according to analysis the effect of ecosystem during the water cycle, the type of ecological water demand in wetland was clarified which is an azonal ecological system supported by the runoff with the feature of azonal.

通过分析湿地水文循环的生态效应，湿地是由径流支撑的非地带性生态系统，具有泛区域特点，湿地生态需水须要在研究湿地径流场与生物多样性变化基础上进行。

The wetland has significant function for mankind of storing floodwater,fight drought, complement groundwater ,adjust climate, prevent soil corrade ,reduce environmental pollution .because it has abundant natural resources,special ecological environmental and structure.The countries all over the world strength on protecting wetland,taking on any masures to prevent the wetland degeneration and disappearance. Studies on the restoration and reconstruction of disturbed wetland become the hotspot of world environmental study.

湿地由于其独特的生态功能和结构，具有蓄洪抗旱、补充地下水、调节气候、防止土壤侵蚀、保护生物多样性、降解环境污染、促淤造陆等对人类具有重要意义的功能，所以世界各国都在加强湿地的保护，采取各种措施防止湿地的退化和消失，湿地的生态恢复和重建已经成为世界环境科学研究的热点。

The total seed storage in topsoil (0-10 cm) was 83499-109141 indm^(-2) for natural wetlands and 9140-47452 indm^(-2) for reclaimed paddy fields. In natural wetlands, the seeds were of 16-30 grass plant species, being dominant with Polygonaceae and Cyperaceae or Cyperaceae and Gramineae; while in reclaimed paddy fields, the seeds were of 7-16 grass plant species, with the dominant of Gramineae. The seed storage and species numbers were greater in Shengjin Lake than in Shibasuo Lake. Higher seed bank storage and more species were observed in the paddy fields from Shibasuo wetland with 30 years of cultivation than from the Shengjin Lake wetland with over 50 years of cultivation.

结果表明：天然湿地种子库密度为83499~109141粒m^(-2)，而开垦为稻田30~50年后种子库密度为9140~47452粒m^(-2)；天然湿地的土壤种子库物种数为16~30种，以蓼科－莎草科或莎草科－蓼科为优势种，开垦为稻田后物种数下降为7~16种，且趋向于以禾本科为单一优势种；此外，与十八索湿地相比，升金湖湿地有较高的土壤种子库物种数、丰富度和多样性，而开垦年限为30年的十八索稻田土壤种子库物种数和丰富度显著高于开垦年限为50年的升金湖稻田。

However, people only pay great attention to short-term economic benefit, neglect ecological value and social value of the wetland, destroy wetland's ecological environment, finally caused harm on service function of wetland's ecosystem, leaded to the wetland'ecosystem to provide welfare for people decreasingly, directly threatened the ecological foundation of human sustainable development.

然而人们往往只注重近期的经济利益，忽略了湿地所具有的生态价值和社会价值，造成对湿地生态环境的严重破坏，最终导致湿地生态系统的服务功能受到损害，使湿地生态系统向人们提供的福利减少，直接威胁到人类可持续发展的生态基础。

The photosynthesis is determined by photosynthesis meterThe results showed that the net photosynthesis rate of Carex lasiocarpa(47.41 μ mol/m/s)is faster than those of other plants in Carex lasiocarpa wetland, Based on the overall sunlight radiation and the efficient photosynthesis radiation, energy utilization rate in radicula was the highest(1.3945% and 3.1879%)While those in spike was the lowest(0.0020% and 0.0046%).

毛果苔草湿地的物理过程观测设在中国科学院三江平原沼泽湿地生态实验站内，用美国CID公司出品的光合仪对典型湿地中几种优势植物的光合能力进行测定；在80℃干燥的植物样品，粉碎后，分别称量约1g左右，用美国公司Parr型氧弹式热量计测定；研究发现毛果苔草湿地建群种中毛果苔草的净光合速率最大，为47.41μmol/m/s。

It has three legal obligations to the signatory state stipulation, namely reasonable exploitation obligation, appointed wetly protection obligation and international cooperation oblig...

我国已具备建立湿地保护专门立法的必要性与可行性，地方湿地立法为我国专门湿地立法积累了经验，国外湿地保护立法为我国提供了借鉴。

Because of complexity with variety of wetland, the design of wetland park programs comes to more complexy, and developments development time of wetly park is shorter, the theories is still placed in the stage in quest, treating further perfect.This text just hope that it can do a favor to the city wetland park ecosystem programs and the design with the landscape, and it can offer consults with help.

由于湿地的复杂性和多样性，决定了湿地公园规划设计的复杂性，并且湿地公园建设发展时间较短，设计理论还处于探索阶段，有待进一步完善，本文只是沧海一粟，望能够对城市湿地公园生态规划和景观设计提供参考和帮助。

The Quanzhou Gulf is one of the major wetlands along the eastsouthern coast line of China. The specific wetland ecotourist landscape is involved with special geographical condition and with early human activities ,with multiple wetland types.

中文摘要：泉州湾湿地是我国东南沿海典型湿地类型之一，其特殊的地理、自然条件和人类长期活动形成独特的湿地旅游资源，湿地多样性明显，但也伴随人为强度干预导致的景观脆弱性。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。