湖泊

By the budgetary estimate of the water and heat conditions at the glacial equilibrium line and the water balance of lakes in the area of the West Kunlun Mountains during the late stadial of the Last Glaciation. before the summer mean temperature decreased by 1.5 C, the annal mean precipitation was 10-20% more than that of the present. As the summer mean temperature lowering was over 1. 5 C, the precipitation was decreased and the negtive of the lake water balance appeared.

文中还根据对西昆仑山区冰川零平衡线处水热状况及湖泊水量平衡状况的推算，指出末次盛冰期中，在夏季温度降低1-1.5℃以前，其年降水量应大于现代值，增加量大约在10-20％左右；在夏季温度降低值大于1-1.5℃以后，其降水减少，湖泊水量平衡出现负值，这与冰川、湖泊变化的地质记录所反映的早期冷湿、中期冷干气候条件相符。

Urban lake landscape is one of the most active areas of the city. Human activity and natural process both impact on the urban lake landscape. Urban lake contains abundant landscape resource and social civilization. Since 1990, reconstruction and renewal of urban lake landscape has been the highlight of city construction with the development of social economy. But many improper designs destroy the natural environment of urban lake, dissever urban historical context, and bring new problems to social economy. This paper emphasizes studying on how to inherit and follow historic context and civil environment by reconstructing and renewing urban lake landscape, combined with current era features to meet the needs of urban sustainable development.

城市湖泊景区是城市中最具有活力的地区之一，是人类活动与自然过程共同作用最为强烈的地带之一，城市湖泊蕴涵着丰富的景观资源，凝聚着丰厚的地域人文精神。1990年以来，随着社会经济的发展，城市湖泊景观建设成为城市建设热点，但很多不当的设计不但给城市湖泊的自然生态环境造成很大破坏，割裂地域历史文脉，而且带来了新的社会经济问题。

In this paper,dynamic changes of lacustrine water in the Sihu area were analyzed by using remote sensing.

采用遥感方法分析了四湖地区的湖泊水域的动态变化，分析结果表明：该地区 50年代至 80年代初由于大规模围湖造田，致使湖泊水域萎缩相当严重，80年代以后，湖泊水面急剧减少的趋势得到遏制，而 90年代以后，湖泊水面基本处于无显著变化状态。

Through detailed examples, the thesis analyzed and studied the current development situation and rectifying and improving program of lake landscape of our country. It summarized experience and existing problem in the development of lake landscape in China. It also put forward three aspects of protection of urban lakes.

通过具体实例，分析研究我国湖泊景观的发展现状，城市湖泊景观的整改、再开发及新兴湖泊景观建设等问题；总结现阶段我国湖泊景观开发的经验及所存在的问题，提出城市湖泊三个层面的保护。

Taking Wuliangsuhai Lake,which is a typical shallow weedy lake lies in Hetao irrigate district in the north of China,as a research object,combining the measured water quality data with the spatial data,using the method of Principal Components Analysis based on factor analysis,the water quality parameters of WL are summarized into seven principal components,namely the index ...

以位于我国北方的河套灌区中的草型浅水湖泊乌梁素海为研究对象，将实测的湖泊水质监测数据与空间数据结合，采用基于因子分析的主成分方法将乌梁素海的水质参数概括为7个主成分，即：富营养化特征指标、湖泊盐化特征指标、湖泊有机物污染指标、湖泊形态特征指标、水体酸碱指标、水体藻类生物量指标、植物生长环境指标。

The process of terrestrialization of Hanlongwan lake mainly come through some phases as follows:(1)the phases of the lake's formation (3,300-2,250a BP);(2)the phases of lake's development (2,250-2,100a BP);(3)the beginning of terrestrial of Hanlongwan

旱龙湾湖泊沼泽化过程大致经历了以下阶段：(1)旱龙湾火口湖湖泊形成阶段(3，300-2，250 aBP)；(2)旱龙湾湖泊发育阶段(2，250-2，100 aBP)；(3)旱龙湾湖泊沼泽化伊始(2，100-1，500 aBP)；(4)旱龙湾沼泽化扩大发育阶段(1，500-750 aBP)；(5)富营养泥炭沼泽阶段(750-24 aBP)；(6)富、中营养泥炭沼泽阶段(24 aBP-今)。

First of all in this paper, the definition of lake is described, the traditional functions of lakes and accessional functions of urban lakes are then discussed; the development of researches in China on lake science is reviewed also, and current status of lake research in the worldwide is summarized.

本文首先引用了湖泊的概念，指出湖泊的多种传统功能和城市湖泊的附加功能，并回顾了我国湖泊科学研究的发展历程，总结了国内外湖泊研究现状。

Three main methods with lacustrine carbonates have been used to reconstruct the lake water palaeo-temperature at present. First, the technique of isotopic geological thermometer, since being put forward to reconstruct sea-water paleo-temperature, was subsequently introduced into lacustrine carbonate sediments for constructing lake-water based upon the function relationship between lake-water temperature and the oxygen isotopic compositions of lacustrine carbonate and lake-water. Second, paleo-temperature of the lake-water can be reconstructed by determining Mg/Ca values of the lacustrine ostracode shells. And third, paleo-temperature of the lake-water can be reconstructed based upon the statistic model between the oxygen isotopic composition of lacustrine carbonate and the Lake-water temperature by testing the modem hydrogeological parameters and some relevant isotopic data of the lake basin.

目前利用湖泊碳酸盐对湖泊古水温进行重建主要有三种方式，一是运用同位素地质温度计原理，利用水温与湖泊碳酸盐氧同位素值和湖水氧同位素值三者之间的函数关系，对湖泊古水温做定量研究；二是通过测定介壳[Mg(上标 2+)]/[Ca(上标 2+)]进而重建古水温；三是通过测定湖泊流域范围内现代水文气象参数及一些相关的同位素资料直接建立起湖泊自生碳酸盐氧同位素值与温度间的统计模型。

Here, we took demonstration study of the ecological impacts of disconnection from the river on fish recources in Zhangdu Lake. Our results showed that:(1) Fishery mode changed and the rate of wild fishery production changed from 95% in 1949 to less than 5% in 2002.(2) Fish species have decreased from 80 in 1950s to 52 at present, and the rate of migrant and potamic species decreased from 50% in 1950s to 30% at present.(3) Comparing with the linking lake, Zhangdu Lake had higher fishing production, larger individual size, fewer species number and lower diversity index of "mihunzheng" fishery, a universal fishing tool in Yangtze.

我们以涨渡湖为例开展江湖阻隔后对单个湖泊鱼类资源所产生的生态影响进行研究，结果表明：江湖阻隔导致湖泊生产经营方式改变，使得野生渔业产量的比例由1949年的95%，降低到2002年的不足5%；江湖阻隔后湖泊鱼类种类由50年代约80种下降到现在的52种，其中，洄游性和流水型鱼类比重由50%下降至不足30%；迷魂阵渔获物在单位产量、个体大小上极显著(p 0.01)地高于通江湖泊，但在物种数和多样性指数上则要低得多(p 0.01)。

It is the rivers and lakes that have bred up people of Wuhan for generations. Unfortunately, urban lakes have fallen into an awkward situation with the rapid development of urbanization and sharp increase of urban population in recently years. The numbers and areas of urban lake have sharply decreased; some urban lakes have deposited; some became swamp. Additionally, soil erosion caused by human factors has shoaled lakes and reduced reservoir capacity. Trade-waste sewage and domestic sewage flow into lakes, which has caused the deterioration of water quality.

然而随着近年来城市开发的力度不断加大，城市人口的快速增长，城市湖泊陷入了十分难堪的地步：湖泊数量锐减；水面面积急剧缩小；湖泊淤积严重，部分湖泊逐渐沼泽化，再加上人为因素造成的水土流失，使湖泊变浅，库容量降低；生产生活污水的大量排放使湖泊水质恶化。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了