游离物

On the basis of the kinetic equation of substrate reaction in the presence of urea or guanidine hydrochloride, all microscopic kinetic constants for the free enzyme and enzyme-substrate binary and ternary complexes have been determined. The results of the present studies indicate that:①In the presence of urea or guanidine hydrochloride, enzyme-substrate complexes lose their activity less rapidly than the free enzyme. Therefore, both substrates, NADPH and 7, 8-dihydrofolate, protect dihydrofolate reductase against inactivation.②The denaturation of dihydrofolate reductase by urea follows single-phase kinetics, and changes in enzyme activity and tertiary structure proceed simultaneously in the unfolding process, so it may be an"all or none"process.③The GdnHCl-induced unfolding of the dihydrofolate shows a biphasic transition, while the change in the enzyme activity is a single exponential process. The rate constant of inactivation is consistent with that of the fast conformational change. Therefore, the kinetic intermediate of protein unfolding should be a partially folded and inactive form.

我们根据在脲或盐酸胍存在下的底物反应动力学方程求得游离酶和酶底物二元、三元复合物的微观动力学常数，结果表明：①酶-底物二元、三元复合物的失活速度明显慢于游离酶，说明两个底物二氢叶酸和NADPH对酶的失活都具有一定程度的保护作用；②在脲作用下，酶的失活和构象变化均为单指数项过程，而且酶的活力丧失和三级结构变化是同时发生的，说明二氢叶酸还原酶的脲变性可能是一个"全或无"的两态过程；③在盐酸胍作用下，酶的构象变化为两相过程，而失活则是单指数项过程，酶分子构象变化的快相速度常数与失活速度常数基本一致，因此我们认为二氢叶酸还原酶的盐酸胍变性过程中存在一个没有活力、但仍具备一定空间结构的变性中间体。

They were reversible un-competitive inhibitors, and their inhibition constants of free enzymeK(subscript I were 254.00 and 136.78 mmolL^(-1), respectively. Urea was reversible mixed-type inhibitor, and its inhibition constants of free enzymeK(subscript I and enzyme-substrate complexK(subscript IS were determined to be 379.02 and 1182.00 mmolL^(-1), respectively.

Na2SO3和H2O2对酶的抑制均表现为可逆反竞争性类型，它们对游离酶的抑制常数K(下标 I分别为254.00和136.78 mmolL^(-1)；尿素对酶的抑制表现为可逆的混合型抑制，它对游离酶的K和对酶－底物复合物的抑制常数K(下标 IS分别为379.02和1182.00 mmolL^(-1)。

The differences of providing amino acid to kernel of different winter wheatculfivars.93-52 with high protein content in kernel had highest content of amino acid innutrition organs,indicated 93-52 can provide abundance material for protein synthesis ofkernel,namely the source in full,so the content of amino acid in kernel was highest;Compared Lumai21 with Jinanl7,the amino acid content in leaf of Lumai21 was a littlehigher than Jinan17,but the amino acid content in stem、sheath and spike was obviouslylower than Jinan17,also the amount of amino acid restored in nutrition organs was large,the translocation degree was low to kernel,namely the flow was not fluency,which wasthe main reason of low content of amino acid in kernel.

小麦不同品种向籽粒供应氨基酸水平的差异。籽粒蛋白质含量高的93-52各营养器官中的游离氨基酸含量均最高，说明93-52籽粒蛋白质合成所需底物供应充足，即源足，因而其籽粒游离氨基酸含量最高。鲁麦21和济南17相比，鲁麦21叶片中的游离氨基酸含量虽略高于济南17，但茎鞘和穗中的游离氨基酸含量却明显比济南17低，并且在后期鲁麦21营养器官中游离氨基酸滞留的多，向籽粒中的转移程度低，即流不畅，是造成鲁麦21籽粒游离氨基酸含量低的主要原因之一。

The comparisons of biochemistry between OP and OR rats The differences between OP and OR rats included not only body weight, but lipids metabolism and insulin sensitivity as well, characterized with insulin resistance, increasing in serum free fatty acids and ketone body, and hepatic TC and TG in OP rats. However, no significant differences were observed in serum TG, TC, LDL, HDL and fasting glucose between OP and OR rats.⑶Comparisons of metabolites in serum, urine and liver tissue between OP and OR rats①There were significant differences in amino acids concentration between OP and OR rats,especially in liver tissue, such as high concentrations in ketogenic and glucogenic amino acids in OP rats, suggesting differences in amino acids metabolism;② The different metabolites between OP and OR rats included increasing of various saturated fatty acids and decreasing of polyunsaturated fatty acids in OP rats;③The urinary metabolites analysis indicated that different structure or metabolism of gut microflora might exist between the two phenotypes, which probably influenced the regulation of body weight gain;④The end-products of catecholamines in urine and intermediates of krebs cycle in serum in OP rats were all up-regulated, suggesting that the activity of sympatheic nervous system and energy metabolism was higher in OP rats than OR rats.

胰岛素耐受实验和胰岛素敏感指数表明OP动物的胰岛素敏感性较OR动物下降，而OP大鼠血清中游离脂肪酸、酮体、肝脏总胆固醇和甘油三酯水平显著升高；但是，OP与OR大鼠血清中总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白和空腹血糖等的水平并无显著性差异；⑶肥胖易感与肥胖抵抗大鼠血清、尿液和肝脏组织提取物中代谢物的比较研究表明：①OP与OR大鼠的血清、尿液和肝组织提取物中多种氨基酸的含量存在显著差异，并以肝组织中的差异氨基酸数量为最多，包括各种生酮和生糖氨基酸水平在OP组的升高，说明氨基酸代谢的差异是两种体重表型大鼠之间存在的重要差异特征之一；②OP与OR动物肝脏和血清差异代谢物中包含多种饱和长链脂肪酸的升高如十四烷酸、十六烷酸、硬脂酸等和多不饱和脂肪酸的下降如亚油酸和花生四烯酸，说明两种体重表型动物的肝脏脂肪酸代谢存在明显差异；③长期高脂饮食喂养后，动物的尿液代谢物分析表明OP与OR动物体内的肠道菌群结构存在差异，这些菌群上的差别可能在动物体重增长的调节上产生影响；④与OR动物相比，OP动物尿液代谢物中儿茶酚胺类递质的代谢终产物如高香草酸、扁桃酸和4-羟基苯乙酸明显升高。

Although the hop extract was only a weak quencher of free radicals formed from 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, it demonstrated strong

虽然蛇麻抽取物只是一种由1，1-二苯基-2-苦基肼组成的游离基弱淬火物，但它在Hepa

Methods: Acorus tatarinowii Schott was used as model. Solvents of different polar were used for washing the uncomplexed oil and extracting the complexed oil respectively. The optimum solvent group were selected to determine the inclusion efficiency.

以石菖蒲油包合物为模型，采用不同极性的溶剂分别进行包合物表面未包合游离药的洗涤，以及包合物中已包合药物的提取，筛选出合适的溶剂组合用于挥发油包合物的包封率测定。

Methods Acorus gramineus soland was used as model .Different polar solvent was used for washing the uncomplexed oil and extracting the complexed oil respectively. The optimum solvent group were selected to determine inclusion efficiency.

以石菖蒲油包合物为模型，采用不同极性的溶剂分别进行包合物表面未包合游离药的洗涤，以及包合物中已包合药物的提取，筛选出合适溶剂组合用于挥发油包合物的包封率测定。

According to the result, we believed that the reason resulted in the low sensitivity was that the marker residue compound MQCA structure has changed after conjugated with protein and the antibody induced by the conjugation could not recognize the free MQCA in the ci-ELISA. Therefore we designed some hapten which could reserve the marker residue structural speciality mostly. After synthesis route selection and optimum, the hapten 7-Hydroxymethyl-3-methyl-quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid was synthesized, used 4-methyl-2-nitroaniline as the start material via six steps, such as oxidation cyclization, bromize reaction, hydrolysis, Beirut reaction, reduction, hydrolysis. This work established basis for producing the high affinity antibody and developing the sensitive ELISA residue detection method.

本论文认为导致ELISA检测灵敏度较低的原因，是残留标示物和蛋白偶联后的特征结构发生改变，诱导产生的抗体不能够对游离MQCA很好的识别，因此，本论文设计了能够最大化保留MQCA结构特征的系列半抗原结构，并对其合成路线进行了筛选和优化，最终以对甲基邻硝基苯胺为起始原料，经氧化环化、溴代、水解、Beirut缩合、还原、水解六步反应制备含羟甲基结构的MQCA衍生物7-羟基甲基-3-甲基-喹噁啉-2-羧酸，为制备对游离残留标示物高亲和力的抗体，高灵敏度的ELISA残留检测方法的建立奠定基础。

Human's role is not only dissociates , but also be utilized by others. This operation in this circulation repeats and repeats. In Chapter two, the essay extends to the forms of creating, describing the relation between artists ,artworks and the society. Besides, the chapter shows the necessity of these three vital parts. I focus on the connection of artworks and society .

论述共分为六章，以2002-2005的作品与论述同时并进，在第一章论及创作的架构，以社会中人对工业产品消费的现象为背景，寻找与创作相关的关系切入，讨论社会当中互相利用的链群关系，人的价值在这样的结构下跟物的价值几乎是一样的，人的角色不单是游离的，扮演著利用物也同时被物利用的多重关系，同时也在这循环中重复运作。

In this paper, a total of 56 relatively nonpoint source pollution sediment samples were collected from the tidal flats of the Jiuduansha shoal and the Chongming island of the Yangtze river estuary. The main properties i. e., grain size distribution, contents of DCB (dithionite citrate bicarbonate extracted iron Fe(subscript d, AAO extracted iron Fe(subscript o, total Fe, DCB extracted Mn Mn(subscript d, total Mn, organic matter, magnetic susceptibility of the samples, as well as the concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cd and Ni in the samples, were determined. Basing on the data, the relation of the sediment properties to heavy metal concentrations was evaluated with pearson's rank and partial rank correlation analysis.

采集长江口无明显点源污染的崇明东滩和九段沙潮滩56个沉积物样品，测定沉积物原样和粘粒中Cu，Zn，Pb，Cr，Cd和Ni的含量以及沉积物的主要性状（粒径分布、游离铁、活性铁、总铁、游离锰、总锰、有机碳和磁化率等），以相关分析和偏相关分析研究沉积物中重金属含量与沉积物主要性质之间的关系。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。