温度曲线

The coexistence curves and light scattering data for a critical solution of benzonitrile + octane have been reported. The critical exponents relating to the difference in the density variables between two coexisting phasesβ, the osmotic compressibilityγ, and the correlation length v have been deduced and the values were consistent with the 3D-Ising value in the range close to the critical point. The experimental results of the coexistence curves have also been analyzed to examine the Wegner correction terms and the behavior of the diameter of the coexistence curves.

用折射率法和不同角度的光散射法测量了苯甲腈+正辛烷二元体系在临界温度附近的液-液共存曲线和一相区不同温度下的渗透压缩系数及关联长度，得到与共存曲线相关的临界指数β，与渗透压缩系数相关的的临界指数γ和与关联长度相关的的临界指数γ，发现在近临界点体系符合3D-Ising模型，讨论了共存曲线直径和Wagner校正项。

The method amending atmosphere influence is introduced, which places large area gray body beside the target. After academic analysis and experiment research, it is found that the "black body demarcation curve" and "reference curve" intersect at the atmosphere temperature point, and the slope amending coefficient and offset amending coefficient could be calculated based this two curve. After corresponding amending on target gray, the infrared radiation characteristics could be calculated by rule and line.

介绍了通过放置在目标附近的大面源灰体修正环境影响的方法，经过理论分析及实验验证，发现"黑体标定曲线"和"参考曲线"相交于环境温度点，并且根据这两个曲线可计算出环境影响的斜率修正系数和偏置修正系数，对目标的灰度值进行相应的修正就可以准确地计算出目标的温度等红外辐射特性。

Three preliminary conclusions could be approached as follows:(1) SST changes were distinctively characteristic of stepwise fluctuations. A warming trend during the last deglaciation was punctuated by a slightly cooling event which corresponded to the Younger Dryas. The Holocene episode could be divided into three phases of warming, continuously high temperature and cooling.(2) Two remarkable cooling records were documented around 4 kaBP and 1.5 kaBP after the megathermal of the Holocene.(3) Comparison between time series of MD05-2904 diatom R SST index and stalagmite δ^18O results from Dongge Cave, Guizhou Province suggested that changes in the East Asian Monsoon climate is synchronous with variations in the SST in the northern SCS since the last deglaciation and they might have a close correlation with each other

结果表明：(1)南海北部15 kaBP以来表层海水温度呈现明显的阶段性波动特点，即末次冰消期气候转暖过程中，12.9~11.5 kaBP前后温度略有下降，与新仙女木事件对应，全新世南海北部气候依次经历了升温期、高温期和降温期3个变化阶段；(2)全新世大暖期鼎盛期结束后，南海北部海水温度阶段下降，两次明显降温分别发生于4 kaBP前后和1.5 kaBP前后；(3) MD05-2904孔硅藻R值时间序列曲线与董哥洞D4石笋δ^18O曲线对比表明，南海北部表层海水温度变化与末次冰消期以来东亚季风强度变化关系较为密切。

Simultaneously, when the volume fractions of coexisting three-liquid-phases are converted into mass densities, it is also found that the coexisting curve of temperatures versus mass densities of phases is also standard inverse "S" type curve.

实验结果表明，在平衡共存三液相中，水、环己烷和二乙二醇丁醚的体积分数随温度改变的变化曲线分别是倒"S"型，正"S"型，"结"型；将共存三液相的体积分数转化为对应的相密度后，相密度随温度改变的变化曲线也是规整的倒"S"型；而且，3条"S"曲线形状均表现出不对称的特性。

Deformation greatly promoted carbonitride isothermal precipitation and made C-curve shift leftwards. The position and shape of C-curve depended on the content of Nb and N to a great extent, C-curve shifted leftwards a little when N content increased and its nose temperature was raised with Nb content increased. 3 when cooling rate increased, start temperature and finish temperature of continuous cooling precipitation decreased, full precipitation became difficult to take place, the volume fraction of carbonitride precipitation decreased, molar fraction of Nb and C dissolved in austenite increased, and the precipitation grain was further refined. Deformation shorten precipitation start time during continuous cooling, raised precipitation start temperature, accelerated precipitation kinetics of carbonitrides.

计算表明：1在Fe—Nb—C系统中，随着温度的降低，析出相的平衡体积分数增加，溶解在奥氏体中的Nb、C的摩尔分数降低，析出相中C和Nb的原子分数的比值v增加；2变形大大促进了碳氮化物的等温析出，使C曲线左移，Nb和N的含量与C曲线的位置和形状有一定的关系，N含量的增加，使C曲线略有左移，而Nb的含量的增加使得C曲线的鼻子区上移；3随着冷却速率的增大，连续冷却析出的开始温度和结束温度均有所降低，并且析出变得越来越不充分，析出相体积分数明显减小，溶解在奥氏体中Nb和C的摩尔分数增大，析出相粒子被明显细化，变形大大缩短了CCP过程碳氮化物析出的开始时间，提高了析出的开始温度，促进了析出动力学。

The macroscopic rheological parameters and microstructure parameters were closely related, it is helpful to explain the essence of multiple rheological properties through the analysis of which the wax evolution process and microstructure of the crude oil which is waxy and high viscosity; the yield time of gelled waxy crude oil monotone increases along with the decreasing of rate of shear (the time of stress effect prolonged), there was power function relationship between them, it can be expressed with ; when adding diesel oil to Sudan crude oil, dilute proportion bigger the eccentricity degree of paraffin particles were bigger too, that was to say the symmetry of wax crystal was better, the wax crystal form fabric more hardly when the intermolecular interaction was smaller; in the light of macroscopica, the fall extent of the abnormity temperature, solidifying point and viscosity could be larger along with the accretion of dilute proportion, as a result, it's rheological properties could be improved.

SD原油析蜡点为94℃，析蜡高峰为50～30℃，异常点为40℃；其蜡晶颗粒细小、对称性差，所以具有较大的比表面能，容易形成联生、联锁结构；损耗角曲线与储能模量曲线或损耗模量曲线的交点所对应的温度与原油凝点或倾点温度非常接近，大约在39℃左右；也就是说，含蜡原油粘弹特性曲线的交点可以表征其流动性；原油宏观流变参数与微观结构参数密切相关，原油析蜡过程及蜡晶微观结构分析有助于诠释易凝高粘原油多重流变特性的本质；胶凝含蜡原油的屈服时间随剪切速率的降低而单调增加，二者显然存在幂函数关系，可用关系式描述；当SD原油加柴油稀释处理时，稀释比越高，蜡晶颗粒的偏心度也越大，亦即蜡晶对称性越好，分子间作用力越小，蜡晶颗粒越不易形成结构，宏观表现为异常点、凝点及表观粘度等流变参数下降的幅度越大，流动性越好。

And the thermal drift curves were measured in different ranges of grid voltages in order to work out compensatory temperature-voltage curves which eliminated the thermal drift. The means of the using of thermal resister network for circuit's thermal compensation was adopted, which was based on compensatory temperature-voltage curves.

按照试验结果作出了在以上四个栅极电压范围内的温度漂移曲线，并在温度漂移曲线的基础上作出了理想的消除了漂移的温度-电压曲线。

The study of the mineralogy indicates:(1)Few impurity and poor sulfur in thestibnite of Shalagang antimony.(2)From the stibnite's cell parameter, it finds that thecell parameter of Shalagang antimony's stibnite approachs the standard value. And iteduces the forming temperature of the stibnite is between 150℃～200℃.(3)Thequartz in different period have different thermoluminescence curve, and thethermoluminescence curves of the quartz in rich ore havethe characters of gently curve, unconspicuous peak and the luminous intensity has therelationship of positive correlation with the temperature.

矿物学研究发现：(1)沙拉岗锑矿床辉锑矿以所含杂质少，贫硫为主要特征；(2)利用晶胞参数测定得出，沙拉岗锑矿床辉锑矿晶胞参数接近于标准值，推算形成温度在150℃～200℃之间；(3)不同期次石英具有明显不同的热释光曲线，其中主成矿期石英的热释光曲线以发光曲线平缓，峰位不明显，发光强度随温度升高而增强为特征。

In the present work, based on the mechanism of low - temperature corrosion, an opinion was presented by theoretical analysis and computation, that is the vacuum boiler can not avoid being corroded completely under low temperature, but the corrosion is very weak no matter if the exhaust gas temperature is higher than the flue gas dew point; it was obtained the relationship between the corrosion velocity of metal wall and wall temperature along gas pass of vacuum boiler, and the one between the corrosion velocity of metal wall and wall temperature under the condition that the flue gas temperature is lower than the acid dew point.

文章从锅炉发生低温腐蚀的机理人手，通过理论分析计算并通过实践检验，提出了真空相变锅炉虽然不能完全避免低温腐蚀问题，但不论排烟温度是否高于烟气露点，低温腐蚀的程度都很弱的观点；给出了真空相变锅炉沿烟气流程金属壁面的腐蚀速度与壁面温度的关系曲线，和烟气温度低于酸露点时金属壁面的腐蚀速度与壁面温度的关系曲线；同时，文章推荐真空相变锅炉的设计排烟温度取130℃左右的低排烟温度。

In the present work, based on the mechanism of low-temperature corrosion, an opinion was presented by theoretical analysis and computation, that is the vacuum boiler can not avoid being corroded completely under low temperature, but the corrosion is very weak no matter if the exhaust gas temperature is higher than the flue gas dew point; it was obtained the relationship between the corrosion velocity of metal wall and wall temperature along gas pass of vacuum boiler, and the one between the corrosion velocity of metal wall and wall temperature under the condition that the flue gas temperature is lower than the acid dew point.

本文从锅炉发生低温腐蚀的机理入手，通过理论分析计算并通过实践检验，提出了真空相变锅炉虽然不能完全避免低温腐蚀问题，但不论排烟温度是否高于烟气露点，低温腐蚀的程度都很弱的观点；给出了真空相变锅炉沿烟气流程金属壁面的腐蚀速度与壁面温度的关系曲线，和烟气温度低于酸露点时金属壁面的腐蚀速度与壁面温度的关系曲线；笔者专门从事真空相变锅炉的设计研究已十多年，根据上述观点设计的数百台产品已经过多年实际运行，未发现明显低温腐蚀。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。