温度曲线

The dynamics equations of soil water vaporizing and ammonia volatilizing hcluding the factors of water and temperature, and the dynamics-like equation of urea transforming into ammonium nitrogen in soil are founded in the paper, by taking the effect of interaction of water and temperature as subject, the dynamic change character of object studied as basis and using principle of chemical dynamic; The empirio-equations of soil water retention curve including temperature and the empirio-equations including temperature between water potential of millet seedling leaves and soil water are founded in order to make the equation of relation between water potential and water content in soil suit the demand of temperature change much better.

本文以水热耦合效应为主题，基于研究对象的动态变化特征，应用化学动力学原理，建立了含水、热因子以及水热耦合效应的土壤水分蒸发、肥料氨挥发动力学方程，以及施入土壤中的尿素转化为铵态氮的动力学型方程；为使水势—含水量关系式更好适应变温条件应用的要求，建立了含温度因子直接表征土壤持水曲线的经验方程，以及含温度因子的谷苗叶水势与土壤含水量关系经验方程。

The dynamics equations of soil water vaporizing and ammonia volatilizing hcluding the factors of water and temperature, and the dynamics-like equation of urea transforming into ammonium nitrogen in soil are founded in the paper, by taking the effect of interaction of water and temperature as subject, the dynamic change character of object studied as basis and using principle of chemical dynamic; The empirio-equations of soil water retention curve including temperature and the empirio-equations including temperature between water potential of millet seedling leaves and soil water are founded in order to make the equation of relation between water potential and water content in soil suit the demand of temperature change much better.

本文以水热耦合效应为主题，基于研究对象的动态变化特征，应用化学动力学原理，建立了含水、热因子以及水热耦合效应的土壤水分蒸发、肥料氨挥发动力学方程，以及施入土壤中的尿素转化为铵态氮的动力学型方程；为使水势—含水量关系式更好适应变温条件应用的要求，建立了含温度因子直接表征土壤持(来源：A9eBC7b4b论文网www.abclunwen.com)水曲线的经验方程，以及含温度因子的谷苗叶水势与土壤含水量关系经验方程。

In first, a new short time formula of one dimension heat conduction differential equation, based on the theory of one dimension transient method, is presented for thermophysical property measurement of wood. The result of testing on red pine and larch wood arc satisfied by new method.In succession, the relationship between heat conductivity of wood and moisture, density, porosity, temperature and grain is studied experimentally in the range from 25 to 100℃. The result shows that, the heat conductivity is in direct proportion to density. but in inverse proportion to porosity. The heat conductivity of air-dried wood increased probably linear with the temperature rising. And that heat conductivity along the grain of wood is higher than that cross the grain. The former is 1.8 or 2 times of the latter.

文中研究了25～100℃范围内，气干木材的导热系数与含水率、密度、孔隙率、温度及热流方向的关系，研究表明：木材导热系数与密度成正比关系，与孔隙率成反比关系：对于针叶材，导热系数与密度及孔隙率成线性变化关系，而对于阔叶材其变化关系近似成二次曲线；气干木材的导热系数随着温度的升高近似呈线性增加：热流平行于纹理方向的导热系数大于垂直于纹理方向的导热系数，两者的比值大约在1.8～2之间。

The results show that transition temperatures of eight wheat gluten doughs are 52.6～58.5℃; between the temperature of 0.1℃ and 40℃, apparent activation energy, which is 4602.57～6511.16 J/mol, are calculated out according to time-temperature superposition method. Fitting in both Arrhenius and WLF modes generates the identical master curves.

试验表明：面筋蛋白转变温度在52.6～58.5℃间；0.1～40℃间，频率扫描下，时间-温度叠加法算出20℃时表观活化能在4602.57～6511.16 J/mol间，不同样品间有较大的差异；Arrhenius模型和WLF模型在拟合面筋系统叠合曲线的效果上一致。

The soft temperature of copper matrix could be effectively improved and thermal expansion of copper matrix could be effectively restrained by the AlN particles; Under the action of porosity and thermal stresses, the thermal expansion curve of AlNp/Cu composites became non-linear with the particle volume contents increasing to a certain extent.

结果表明：AlN的加入能够提高铜基体的软化温度且对铜基体的热膨胀起到明显的约束作用；在孔隙与热应力共同作用下，AlN颗粒含量达到一定程度时，AlNp／Cu复合材料膨胀曲线随温度的上升将产生非线性变化；加热过程中热应力造成的基体塑性变形使热循环后复合材料存在残余正应变。

The results show that glass ceramics with thermal expansion coefficient of 5.11×10^(-6)℃, major phase of α-cordierite and ε=5.5, tan σ=2.1×10^(-4) can be prepared by the addition of 3.6% alkalis (Li2O+Na2O), and Li2O occupies 1.8%. With Li2O substitution for Na2O, spontaneous crystallization is obviously enhanced, and temperature of the first crystallization peak decreases from 950℃ to nearly 900℃, but the crystallization temperature of the second peak was not varied. With the increase of Li2O content, mixed alkali effect can be observed from the thermal expansion coefficient and dielectric loss curve which decreases first and then increases. Dielectric constant decreases monotonously with the increase of Li2O content.

研究结果表明：Li2O和Na2O总含量为3.6%，其中Li2O含量为1.8%时，微晶玻璃以α-堇青石为主晶相，热膨胀系数为5.11×10^(-6)℃，微波频率下介电常数ε为5.5，介电损耗tanσ为2.1×10^(-4)；随着Li对Na的取代，玻璃的析晶能力增强，初始析晶峰温度从950℃降至900℃左右，但没有降低第二析晶峰温度；随着Li2O含量增加，热膨胀系数及介电损耗都出现明显的混合碱效应，曲线呈现先降低后升高的变化趋势；样品的介电常数随Li2O含量增加单调降低。

The results show that glass ceramics with thermal expansion coefficient of 5.11×106 ℃, major phase of α-cordierite and εr=5.5, tan σ=2.1×104 can be prepared by the addition of 3.6% alkalis(Li2O+Na2O), and Li2O occupies 1.8%. With Li2O substitution for Na2O, spontaneous crystallization is obviously enhanced, and temperature of the first crystallization peak decreases from 950 ℃ to nearly 900 ℃, but the crystallization temperature of the second peak was not varied. With the increase of Li2O content, mixed alkali effect can be observed from the thermal expansion coefficient and dielectric loss curve which decreases first and then increases. Dielectric constant decreases monotonously with the increase of Li2O content.

研究结果表明：Li2O和Na2O总含量为3.6%，其中Li2O含量为1.8%时，微晶玻璃以α-堇青石为主晶相，热膨胀系数为5.11×106 ℃，微波频率下介电常数ε r为5.5，介电损耗tan σ为2.1×104；随着Li+对Na+的取代，玻璃的析晶能力增强，初始析晶峰温度从950 ℃降至900 ℃左右，但没有降低第二析晶峰温度；随着Li2O含量增加，热膨胀系数及介电损耗都出现明显的混合碱效应，曲线呈现先降低后升高的变化趋势；样品的介电常数随Li2O含量增加单调降低。

The analysis results show that the yield stress of the gel can be exactly obtained by the inflexion of strainstress loglog plot curve under stress control test and the crossover of the linear viscoelastic range and nonlinear viscoelastic range of stress scan test at a fixed frequency.

结果表明，选用控制应力模式的应变-应力双对数曲线拐点和应力扫描测试的线性黏弹区与非线性黏弹区界限能够准确的获取凝胶的屈服应力，凝胶屈服应力在温度低于50 ℃时随温度增加而小幅增加，屈服应力在剪切作用停止后恢复速度快，是有利于堵漏成功的因素。

The time and temperature dependence of dynamic modulus and phase angle of hot mix asphalt is analyzed,the master curve of dynamic modulus and phase angle is built using time-temperature superposition principle,the Witczak predictive equation is verified using the test results,which is helpful to provide good reference for China to use dynamic modulus as pavement design parameters.

分析了沥青混合料动态模量和相位角对温度和加载频率的依赖性，利用时间-温度置换原理建立了动态模量的通用曲线，并用动态模量实测结果对Witczak预估模型进行了验证和分析，为将动态模量作为沥青路面设计参数和混合料性能评价指标提供了有益参考。

According to time-temperature characteristic of hot stamping, tensile experiments were carried out for hot stamping steel USIBOR1500 at the temperature 600℃~800℃ and strain rate 0.01/s~0.5/s on the test machine Gleeble3800 and corresponding stress-strain curves were obtained.

根据热冲压工艺的时间－温度特征，采用Gleeble3800热模拟系统，在温度600℃~900℃、应变速率0.01/s~0.5/s下，对热冲压钢板USIBOR1500进行热拉伸实验，获得了相应的应力－应变曲线。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。