温度变化幅度

The results show that the density of gritstone is decreased gradually as the temperature increasing; so that it can be ignored; the longitudinal wave velocity is linearly decreased when the temperature increasing, and decrease rate of it follows the law of conic; R is one temperature point, which makes the law of tensile strength of gritstone after high temperature follows the law of parabola; and the maximal tensile strength appears when the operative temperature is R. After the temperature is higher than 700 ℃, tensile strength is small and change range is small when the temperature is increased.

结果表明，高温后粗砂岩的密度随试验温度的升高减小幅度很小，几乎可忽略不记；高温后试件中纵波波速的传播随温度升高基本呈线性降低，而减小率呈二次曲线规律变化；存在一个温度点R，使高温后试件的抗拉强度呈开口向下抛物线关系变化，且在R温度作用后试件抗拉强度达到最大；当试验温度大于700 ℃后，试件的抗拉强度变得很小，且当温度升高时变化幅度也很小。

Since MCT photon device s are working under natural environment,the input and output characteristics appear unstable resulted from the enormous change in temperature,which will greatly influence the accuracy of MCT hotbox detector for measuring axle temperature.

MCT 光子器件工作在自然环境下，环境温度变化幅度大，导致MCT 光子器件的输入输出特性不稳定，严重影响MCT轴温探测器探测铁道车辆轴温的精度。

Since MCT photon devices are working under natural environment, the input and output characteristics appear unstable resulted from the enormous change in temperature, which will greatly influence the accuracy of MCT hotbox detector for measuring axle temperature.

MCT光子器件工作在自然环境下，环境温度变化幅度大，导致MCT光子器件的输入输出特性不稳定，严重影响MCT轴温探测器探测铁道车辆轴温的精度。

Time results could be concluded as follows: 1 During the sunshine period, the vertical distribution of external surface temperature on different orientations of buildings differs from one another, and the max discrepancy of vertical temperature appears on the external surface of west oriented wall, whose max differences of the vertical temperature are above 2℃ and the standard deviation of the temperature is above 0.6℃; 2 Most of the time from 2 p.m.

通过一段时间内对某栋典型多层板楼建筑外微气候相关参数的监测，其如下：1）在太阳强辐射时间内，不同朝向的外墙外表面温度随高度分布的情况不同，西向外墙表面温度随高度变化幅度最大，其外表面垂直温度的最大温差一般可在2℃以上，标准偏差约在0.6℃以上；2）多数时间内（主要为下午2点左右至次日凌晨），西墙外表面温度以1层最高；3）建筑热外表面可产生诱导上升热气流。

The results indicated that the earth's surface temperature and air temperature of the desert comparing the oasis of the variety range are higher and ascend and descend of the speed are quicker; As the ascend and descend changes of air relative humidity and temperature are different at each observation spot, the variety curve of the air pressure of daytime shows the single type of wave; At each observation spot the predominant direction of wind was mainly souther, still having the southeast or southwester at 12:00-18:00; Wind speed almost is 0 at 20:00; The clean radiation at the morning and the evening of desert are higher than in oasis, the clean radiation in oasis in the daytime is bigger than in desert.

结果表明，沙漠地表面温度和气温升降速度比绿洲观测点要快、变化幅度大；由于各观测点空气相对湿度和温度升降度不同，使得各观测点的气压升降幅度也不同，白天气压的变化曲线呈单蜂型；各观测点在12：00到18：00期间主导风向主要是南风，还有东南或西南风，在20：00时风速几乎为0；早上和晚上沙漠的净辐射高于绿洲，白天近地面净辐射绿洲大于沙漠；对绿洲气象要素时空效应特征分析，为棉花等绿洲优势作物的播种期、物候期、作物生育及生理生态特性具有一定的指导意义。

Contract:This article disausses the principal of main steam temperature control system according the problems in running,including the unreasonable main steam pressure set point volue,hot air injection flow is not acciurate,Charge of steam temperature has the big delay and the common PID can′t satisfy the regulate′s demandthen take the according measures,adopt smith predictor,change to ABB intelligent positioner,add the hot air injection antiblock device,test the main steam temperature automation and optimization the specificator.

中国国电集团公司菏泽发电厂热工，山东摘要：本文论述汽温控制系统组成原理，针对运行中发现的问题，包括一次风母管压力自动设定值设计不合理，导致主汽温度和再热汽温度变化幅度加大，底部注入风量和汽温参数测量不准确，汽温变化迟延大，常规PID满足不了调节要求，采取了相应措施，改用史密斯预测器，更换为ABB定位器，增加底部注入风量等测点防堵装置，并对主汽温自动进行试验和参数优化。

The heat capacity of the cold and hot points of said thermopile together with its mounting and the heat conductivity of said mounting are co-ordinated with each other in such a way that a change in the temperature of the housing causes an equal change in the temperature of the cold and hot points, so that no temperature gradients occur inside the thermopile.

热电堆的冷端和热端及其支撑结构的热容量与支撑结构的热导率相互协调，以便壳体的温度变化引起冷端和热端同等幅度的温度变化。也就是说，所述热电堆中不存在温度梯度。

Oxygen was found to depress their fcc-sctransition temperature Tc from the normal value of 260K,as indicated by theminimum in the temperature-dependent permittivity ε′,and also enlarge the drop in ε′at the transition.The magnitudes of the downward shift in Tc and the drop in ε′were roughly proportional to the O2 occupance at octahedral lattice sites,as estimatedfrom the resonance heights distribution.

发现氧的存在降低了以介电常数ε'温度谱极小值为标志的有序无序相变温Tc(正常相变温度为260K)，并且增大了ε'在相变前后的变化幅度，Tc的下降值和ε'的变化量Δε'近似比例于八面体位置氧的占据率，氧的占据率可以从核磁共振峰高的分布获得。

The character of surface radiation and energy expended over soil temperature variation is that the temperature variation at surface, 5cm depth and 10cm depth are approximately sine curve on clear and cloudy day while this way the temperature variation at 20cm depth shows small extent anti-phase variation and the temperature under 50cm is no diurnal. In contrast, the temperature at 5m, 10cm and 20cm shows linear decrease and the soil-surface temperature is concaved on rainy day.

地表辐射和能量耗散反映在土壤温度变化上的特征是晴天和阴天地表、5cm、10cm的温度变化表现为准正玄曲线，20cm深处的温度变化呈现出幅度很小的反位向变化，50cm以下地温已不存在日变化特征；雨天5cm、10cm和20cm的温度呈线性递减，地表温度表现出由降雨引起的凹陷现象。

According to failure analyses of the cooling wall of No.5 blast furnace in No.1Iron Making Plant of Jigang in heavy repair in 2000, the main cause of longitudinal crack of cooling wall with ribs enchased in bricks is the temperature instability of hot side of cooling wall.

根据济钢第一炼铁厂5＃高炉在2000年大修中的破损情况，分析筋条镶砖式冷却壁纵裂原因是冷却壁热面温度不稳定，而全覆盖式冷却壁由于其结构能使冷却壁本体温度变化幅度小，且有很强的抵抗裂纹扩展的能力，因而破损速度较慢。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。