温度

The stress-strain curves of Cu-Zn-Al alloys at different temperatures have been plotted on the tensile machine with the aid of electrometry. The main results were as follows: 1. When specimens were deformed within the range of M_s and M_d, the critical stress for inducing martensitic transformation increased with the temperature, and there existed a linear relationship between them. 2. When specimens were deformed above Af, complete pseudoelasticity might be obtained theoretically, which might be damaged, h...

在拉力试验机上用电测法测绘了Cu-Zn-Al合金在马氏体相变点上下各温度的σ-ε曲线，所得主要结果如下：(1)试样在M_s与M_d之间加载，随着温度升高，诱发马氏体相变所需临界应力增大，且加载温度与临界应力之间存在着线性关系；(2)在A_f点以上加载，理论上可获得完全的伪弹性，但加载温度过高或应变量过大，均会损害伪弹性；(3)试样在M_s点上下温度区域变形，得到的伪弹性回复和形状记忆回复之和在80%以上，但在M_s点附近总回复量出现一极小值，且伪弹性回复在M_f点以下又有所回升。

As the supplement of the solidification theory, the melting tamperatures of nanocrystals, the glass transition temperatures of nanosized glasses, the ferromagnetic and ferroelectric transsition temperatures and the solid phase transition temperatures as well as the corresponding hysteresis of different materials are calculated and determined. The effect of the pressure on phase transition temperatures and the binary solution nanophase equilibrium diagram is constructed.

作为凝固理论的补充，计算和测定了纳米晶体的熔化温度，纳米玻璃的玻璃转变温度以及铁磁与铁电居里转变温度，纳米晶体的固态相变温度以及相关的动力学滞后，压力对相变温度的影响，二元无限互溶固溶体的纳米相图。

Both the raising and lowering of temperature could inhibit the growth of rBHK cells compared with 37℃. More severe inhibition was observed when lowering temperature. The growth inhibition by temperature change derived mainly from the extension of lag phase, and specific growth rate of rBHK cells was almost independent on the change of temperature for rBHK cells in logarithmic phase.

相对于37℃培养温度，升高温度和降低温度对细胞生长都存在一定程度的抑制，降低温度培养条件下的抑制作用更明显，主要表现为延长了细胞生长的迟滞期，在细胞生长进入对数生长期后，培养温度对细胞的生长影响则不明显。

Physical and mathematical model of calculation in lamination is established.

提出了底板类大体积混凝土结构温度场及温度应力场的分层计算方法，建立了分层计算物理与数字模型，推导了数学计算式，并给出了底板类大体积混凝土温度场计算的解析解，从而为初步估算底板类大体积混凝土结构的温度场及温度应力提供了方便适用的手段。

The heat generation curves of seven rubber materials used in tires with the changes of temperature have been obtained by using Dynamic Mechanics Analysis technique on NETZSCH DMA242 instrument, knowing that the heat generation of every other rubber materials except inner liner rubber changes lightly alone with the temperature within 10℃～80℃. According to the Fourier law, the heat transfer coefficients of tire rubber are measured by stable method on self-made experiment instrument. The coefficients changes lineally within 20℃～80℃ and the relation formulas λ=λ〓+bt are given out attached with λ〓 and b. The specific heat of tire rubber are measured on Differential Scanning Calorimeter NETZSCH DSC204 and the relations with temperature are linear and the formula is c=c〓+bT, where c〓 and b gained from experiment result data are presented in the paper. The heat convection coefficients on the surface of rolling tire are measured according to the principle of heat-mass transfer analogy principle after simplifying rolling tire into rotating disk with straight movement on wind channel. The relation with rotation speed of disk is linear as h=5. 399+0.0258n and the relation with straight line speed of tire is linear too, h=

论文采用动态力学分析技术，使用NETZSCH DMA 242型实验仪，获得了轮胎用七种胶料的生热率随温度变化曲线，确知除内衬层胶以外，其它各种胶料在一般胎温范围内（10℃～80℃）的生热率随温度变化不大；轮胎胶料的导热系数根据傅立叶定律的基本原理，采用稳态法在自行搭建的实验台上进行测试，结果表明，材料的导热系数在20℃～80℃的温度范围内随温度呈线性变化，论文给出了各种材料导热系数的线性变化的关系式λ=λ〓+bt及其λ〓和b的值；轮胎胶料的比热运用差式扫描量热原理，在NETZSCH DSC204型DSC实验仪上进行测试，结果表明，胶料的比热随温度的变化呈线性变化，其关系可用c=c〓+bT表示，文中给出了根据实验数据拟合的c〓、b的值；对轮胎表面的对流换热系数的测定，本文先将滚动的轮胎简化为有直线运动的旋转圆盘，而后采用萘升华热质比拟技术，在风洞中测量了滚动轮胎表面的对流换热系数，结果表明，圆盘表面对流换热系数与转速呈线性关系，即h=5.399+0.0258n，轮胎表面对流换热系数与其直线运动的速度呈线性关系，即h=

For example, some parts of the body are warmer than others, so a temperature taken rectally may be a degree higher than a temperature taken orally, which is usually a degree higher than a temperature taken under the armpit.

举例来说，人体中一些组织的温度通常要比其他的高，所以直肠中的温度就大于口腔中的温度，而口腔中的温度又大于腋下的温度。

Effects of dry temperature and dry time on properties of heat cured sand and the relationship with binder composition are as follows:sands bonded by binders that are not modified have high strength when dry temperature is high and dry time is long,but their anti-wettability power is poor . Sands bonded by binders that are modified by B but not modified by M can be dried quickly and sand strength is high but anti-wettability power is also poor. Sands bonded by binders that are modified by M but not modified by B can also be dried quickly to obtain maximum strength,then the strength becomes lower when they are dried continually for more time. and sand strength is high but anti-wettability power is also poor. Sands bonded by binders that are modified by M as well as by B at the same time can be dried quickly to obtain maximum strength at low temperature and short time. But the anti-wettability of sand mold is best when they are dried at high temperature and long time.

烘干温度和烘干时间对热硬砂性能的影响及其与粘结剂改性的关系是：未经改性剂B和改性剂M改性的粘结剂砂，脱水速度较慢，烘干温度越高，时间越长，则硬化强度也越高，但未经改性的粘结剂热硬砂的抗吸湿性较差；经改性剂B而不经改性剂M改性的粘结剂热硬砂，烘干硬化速度较快，强度也高，但在高湿度下的抗吸湿性不好；经改性剂M改性而不经改性剂B改性的粘结剂热硬砂，烘干时强度先随烘干时间升高至最大值后，继续烘干时强度又出现下降；经改性剂B和经改性剂M共同改性的粘结剂热硬砂能在短时间和较低的烘干温度下就可烘干到最高强度，即烘干脱水的速度较快，但试样的抗吸湿性差，若在更高温度和更长时间下烘干，试样的抗吸湿性得到改善，综合考虑烘干强度和抗吸湿性要求，对于φ30×30mm试样，理想的烘干温度是200℃，烘干时间20分钟。

According to DTA and the microstructure information, it is obtained that the phase transformation begins from 430.1℃,the solidus point of the alloy is 614.4℃, and the liquidus point is 636.4℃.

通过对AZ31镁合金DTA曲线的分析和不同温度下金相组织的比较、分析，确定了该合金的相变起始温度为430.1℃，共晶温度为438.5℃，固相线温度为614.4℃，液相线温度为636.4℃。

Therefore, compensation for the drift should be given; the main reason for the temperature drift is theoretically analyzed which lies in the temperature coefficient of the coil resistance, and then a new compensation method utilizing non-inductive winding is presented and illustrated in an example; the experimental results show that the sensor obtains good compensation effects under 20-90℃, and the temperature stability reaches 0.7%.

电涡流传感器的温度漂移制约了其测试精度，因此需要给以温度补偿；理论分析出导致传感器温度漂移的主要原因在于线圈电阻的温度系数过大，因此提出采用无感线圈进行补偿的方法，并给出了设计实例；实验表明该方法在20~90℃度范围内补偿效果良好，温度稳定性达到0.7%；该方法简单、有效且成本低，可扩展应用于其他类型电涡流传感器。

Supposing the hot end of a bare thermocouple is a global thermometer, the authors built a mathematical model for the heat-exchange-based air temperature measurement with the bare thermocouple, deduced the dynamic response time and the deviation estimate formulas in theory. The formulas can be satisfied under the conditions of global thermometers and contact-type temperature measurement.

文中假设裸露热电偶的热端为一球形温度计，建立裸露热电偶热传导测量空气温度的数学模型，从理论上给出其热传导测量空气温度的动态响应时间和最大温度误差估计式，从而可知只要球形温度计在接触式测量温度时得到其动态响应时间和最大温度误差即可满足所求公式。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。