温度

Results It was showed that the temperature of biological tissue decreased more quickly during the freezing process when the initial cryoprobe temperature was lower and the coolingrate of cryoprobe was faster. The temperature of biological tissue increased more quickly with faster warmingrate of cryoprobe in the thawing process.

结果 研究结果表明在冻结过程中，冷刀初始温度越低，冷刀降温速度越快，组织温度下降得越快；在融化过程中，冷刀升温速度越快，组织温度上升得越快。

Therefore liquid CO_2 avoids gas-solid multiphase flow, and supplies continuous low temperature gas for cryoprobe. Experimental results show that the 2-dimension temperature distribution for the first time, it includes:(1) The cooling velocity and freezing zone increases along the flux up at certain size of the cryoprobe in the same biological tissue.(2) As the diameter of cryoprobe increases, the temperature will descend faster, freezing zone will be broader obviously, and ice ball become larger. Until it arrives heat balance, the temperature keeps invariability.(3) Single freezing-thaw results in biggish mechanical injury already for loosen tissue such as pork liver; Successive freeze-thaw circle could quicken freezing and thaw velocity for compact tissue, and it has proved the more mechanical injury of successive freeze-thaw circle than the single freezing-thaw treatment.

文中首次对生物组织进行了二维温度场分布实验研究，得出：(1)当刀头大小一定，对同一组织冷冻时，流量越大，降温速度越快，降温影响区域越大；(2)随着冷刀直径的增加，降温速度随着增加；温度影响区域明显增大；冰球直径也随着增大，热量平衡后温度几乎不随时间变化；(3)对于结构疏松组织比如猪肺脏，单次冻融对组织已造成较大的机械破损；对于结构较致密组织，多次反复冻融可以使降温和复温速率增加，单次冻融的热应力造成的机械破损较小，多次冻融后造成的机械破损比单次冻融所造成的机械破损大；(4)直喷式刀头比导热式节能约15％。

Linear CO desorbs earlier and quicker than twin and bridged CO with the progressive heating from 25 to 300°C at 0.1MPa, and the three types of adsorption disappear at 265℃.At 205℃ the adsorption amount of linear CO and bridged CO increases with the pressure from 0.1 to 3.0MPa, but the adsorption amount of bridged CO is more than that of linear CO. At 0.1MPa and 25℃, CO2can decompose into CO and then CO adsorbs quickly, namely, CO2→CO+O, but the wave numbers of the adsorptive CO from decomposed CO2 are different from the pure CO, which demonstrates the effect of on CO adsorption. With the pressure of CO2 from 0.1 to 3.0MPa at 25℃, the total adsorption amount increases and the band at 2052cm^(-1) shifts towards higher frequency.

压力保持0.1MPa，温度由25℃升至300℃时，线式比桥式先脱附，至265℃时，3种吸附基本脱附完全；当温度维持205℃不变而压力逐步由。0.1升至3.0MPa时，线式吸附增量较少，桥式吸附增量较多，CO2在0.1MPa，25℃时就能发生快速的解离吸附，即CO2→CO+O，其吸附行为表现为CO的线式吸附，但吸附峰与纯CO吸附时不同；当温度稳定在25℃而压力逐步升至2.5MPa时，不仅CO2吸附量增大，而且其2052cm^(-1)吸附峰有向高波数移动的趋势。

We investigate the nearest-neighbor entanglement in a one-dimensional dimerized Heisenberg model as a function of temperature and the magnetic field.

外磁场和温度均可以控制纠缠的大小，合适的磁场和温度能够使纠缠重现，而当磁场或温度超过一定值以后，相邻两量子位间的纠缠都会消失。

Aiming at some defects existing in PMN ferroelectric ceramics, such as excessive sintering temperature and lower curie temperature, this paper gives an introduction to various kinds of dopings, such as rare earth, alkaline earth and transition metal, which have effects on dielectric properties, sintering temperature and microstructure of PMN-typed ferroelectric ceramics.

针对PMN铁电陶瓷存在烧结温度过高、居里温度较低等缺陷问题，分别介绍了稀土、碱土、过渡金属等掺杂对PMN铁电陶瓷介电性能、烧结温度及微观结构等的影响。

The main results were obtained as follows:(1) The calculation results of temperature field indicate that, 6139T radiator was brazed using the stage-by-stage heating process, while 6204T radiator with a larger size was brazed using the temperature difference heating process. The uniform temperature distributions in faying faces were all obtained. And the temperatures were in the range of brazing temperature. It is proved that the finite element models established are reasonable.

取得的主要结果和结论为：(1)温度场计算结果表明，对于6139T散热器，采用分阶段加热钎焊工艺，而对于具有较大尺寸的6204T散热器，采用温差法加热钎焊工艺时，均获得了均匀的钎焊面温度分布，且在钎焊温度范围之内，证明所建立的有限元分析模型是合理的。

The ammonia volatilizing of fertilizer is suit to the dynamic equation as Y=a+bt, thecoefficients in the equation are related to the kind of fertilizer, temperature and water content of soil, and the dynamic equation about ammonia volatilization including water and temperature and the is developed.

肥料氨累积挥发量符合零级反应动力学方程Y=a+bt，方程中系数与肥料种类、温度和土壤含水量有关，碳铵a、b值均比硫酸铵高，土壤含水量增大，a、b值降低，温度升高，a、b值增大，并由此得到含温度或土壤湿度因子的肥料氨挥发动力学方程，并建立了含水、热因子的肥料氨挥发水热耦合效应动力学方程。

A exergy analysis of an ammonia vapour compression refrigeration cycle in a cold store was presented under a constant state temperature,the physical properties of ammonia was simulated using linear method of fitting both under constant and change condensing temperature. Exergy destruction of the various components of the refrigeration system,exergetic efficiency and coefficient of the system were analysed and calculated. The results indicated that the exergy destruction in the evaporator is highest,followed by the compressor and condenser.

通过对一定环境温度条件下的高温冷库中的氨蒸汽压缩系统进行分析，利用线性拟合的方法对氨的物性进行模拟，并对定冷凝温度和变冷凝温度时，制冷系统的各部件的炯损失和系统的效率进行计算分析，得出在冷库氨蒸汽压缩系统中的蒸发器中的损失最大，压缩机和冷凝器次之的结果。

Obviously the thermal conditions of dies and die castings and the fluid flow of liquid metal have critical influence on the quality of casting product, the production rate and the die life. Hence, computer numerical simulation has become an efficient tool to analyze as well as to control the thermal and fluid flow fields in die casting process.

压铸过程的温度场和流场是影响压铸产品质量、生产率和模具寿命的重要因素，计算机数值模拟技术为压铸温度场和流场的研究提供了有效的手段，同时也为压铸工作者控制压铸温度场和流场提供了有力的工具。

Result The optimum reaction temperature in stomach, pyloric caecas, foregut, mid-intestine, hindgut and liver were 40-45, 40, 35-40, 40, 40 and 40℃ resp. for protease, 40, 30, 30, 30, 40 and 30℃ for amylase, 40, 40, 35-40, 40, 40 and 25℃ for lipase.

结果］胃、幽门垂、前肠、中肠、后肠、肝胰脏内，蛋白酶最适反应温度分别为40~45、40、35~40、40、40、40℃；淀粉酶的最适反应温度分别为40、30、30、30、40、30℃；脂肪酶最适反应温度分别为40、40、35~40、40、40、25℃。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。