温度

There are experimental results as follows:(1) Eriophorum comosum Nees shows strong cold resistance in plasmalemma permeability research. The lethal temperature of Eriophorum comosum Nees is the lowest LT_(50 in comparison with another two plants and is lower than -11.5℃ in August 2005 and December 2005; Soluble protein content of each plant is rising before or after cold hardiness. By SDS-PAGE, Protein band is analysed. Band quantity of Eriophorum comosum Nees is the most and its band color is darkest.(2) Soluble sugar content of three plants after cold hardiness are higher than before cold hardiness, moreover soluble sugar content after cold hardiness shows a decline and there is a narrow range in Eriophorum comosum Nees; Free Proline accumulation is changed by cold stress, and cold resistance is relative to free Proline accumulation; chlorophyll content of both three plants, including chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and chlorophyll a/b, show a decline tendency along with the descent of temperature. Cynodon dactylon is highly sensitive to cold stress.(3) The soil POD and urease activities' absolute value of Erioophorum comosum Nees and Pogonatherum panideumHack were more than that of Cynodon dactylon before or after low temperature stress, especially POD activities.

实验结果表明：(1)在膜透性的研究中，丛毛羊胡子草抗寒性最强，采用电导率法测得半致死温度LT_(50最低，丛毛羊胡子草抗寒锻炼前后半致死温度LT_(50均小于-11.5℃；在可溶性蛋白含量研究中，抗寒锻炼前后三种植物的可溶性蛋白含量均增加，同时采用SDS-PAGE法，通过对蛋白条带分析，以丛毛羊胡子草条带数最多且着色深；(2)在可溶性糖的研究中，三种植物经抗寒锻炼后叶片可溶性糖含量都比抗寒锻炼前高，且经过抗寒锻炼后三种植物可溶性糖均呈下降趋势，丛毛羊胡子草可溶性糖含量下降较小；从游离脯氨酸含量可知，低温的胁迫影响了植物叶片游离脯氨酸的含量变化，植物的抗寒性与游离脯氨酸有关；低温胁迫下三种植物叶绿素含量随着温度的下降，叶绿素含量、叶绿素a、叶绿素b和叶绿素a／b均呈下降趋势，狗牙根对低温胁迫最为敏感；(3)低温锻炼前后，丛毛羊胡子草和金发草的土壤过氧化物酶与脲酶活性的绝对值均大于狗牙根的，特别是过氧化物酶，说明丛毛羊胡子草和金发草的酶活性大于狗牙根的。

We understand that (1) releasing gases are mainly made up of CO 2 and alkane gases, and have a little ethylenic gases. There is a gas releasing peak at the temperature of 300～400℃ and the content of C 4～C 6 increases with temperature ri...

二氧化碳随温度的升高释放量增大，主要为碳酸盐分解贡献；(2 )含碳气体碳同位素随温度的升高增重，在气体释放峰温度段 350℃左右时发生明显&转折&，碳同位素组成明显变重，结果造成在不同的热演化阶段碳同位素值有较大范围的变化。

The hot water feedway concludes sub control, keyboard circuit, display circuit, control driven circuit, signal amplifier, shaping circuit, A/D translation circuit, current switch S, temperature sensor W1, temperature sensor W2, temperature sensor W3, water-level sensor H1, electric control valve Y1, electric tee control valve Y2, electric control valve Y3, pump M and heater band.

本发明涉及一种电水箱，特别涉及一种不浪费热水管中存留的冷水直接为用户提供热水的电水箱热水直供装置，它包括微控制器、键盘电路、显示电路、控制驱动电路、信号放大、整形电路、A/D转换电路、水流开关S、温度传感器W1、温度传感器W2、温度传感器W3、水位传感器H1、电控阀Y1、三通电控阀Y2、电控阀Y3、水泵M和加热带。

To obtain precise result, itis necessary, in the aspect of hardware, to set up one stable optics system with highSNR, only if so, can we do the measurement with the steady NIR. To do so, we designthe optics system using AOTF, and take some measures to increase the light energyand the system SNR, which includes the three layers structure of the light chamber,the equipments to cover the useless light, polarizing to reduce the influence of 0 gradelight and focalize the light with lens. Apart from the hardware aspect, according to theexperiments, we can see that the different temperatures between at setting up themodels and at predicting the results will affect the prediction results in a way, and theaffection extent will be increased along with the increase of the temperaturedifference. Moreover, the light energy that can be detected will be different with thecontact pressure, and the match of the refractive indexes between the tissue and thesurroundings will enhance the light transmission depth, which will take moreinformation of the tissue. So, during the measurement, we should ensure the sametemperature between measuring and predicting, the same contact pressure at everymeasurement and the match of the indexes between the tissue and the surroundings aspossible as we can.

要提高测量精度，从硬件方面就必须有一个稳定的、信噪比较高的分光光路系统，以此得到稳定的近红外光来进行无创检测，针对这个目的，我们设计了 AOTF 分光光路系统，并在系统中采用一定的措施如三层灯室结构、遮光筒以减小杂散光、起偏和检偏来减小 0 级光影响、透镜汇聚等等来提高出射光的能量和系统的信噪比；从其他影响因素方面，通过实验，我们得到不同的建模温度对于预测结果有一定的影响，且影响随着温度的差值越大而越大，另外散反射光谱的能量也随着接触压力的不同而不同，组织的折射率与环境匹配将加大光的入射深度，从而能携带更多的组织信息，所以在测量时我们尽可能保证同一温度、保证同一接触压力以及利用物理或者化学的方法使组织与环境折射率匹配等。

Factors of sample temperature,adsorption time and desorption time on the SPME treatment of seeds of Foeniculum vulgare Mill were investigated.

考察了萃取样品温度、萃取纤维吸附时间及解吸时间对于固相微萃取的影响，确定了固相微萃取小茴香挥发性成分较佳的实验条件为：萃取样品温度60℃，萃取纤维吸附时间40min，脱附温度250℃，脱附时间5min。

The crystallization temperature of amorphous Gein Ge-Aurnonolayer films can be reduced by increasing the content of Au.The as-deposited Ge-5at%Au monolayer films are amorphous and can becrystallized at 150℃.

Ge-Au合金单层膜中Au含量的增加，可以使非晶Ge的晶化温度(纯非晶Ge晶化温度为400℃)降低，如Ge-5at％Au单层膜原态为非晶态，晶化温度为150℃。

The results based on the gas, carbon isotope and water chemistry geothermometer suggest that the temperature of the deep reservoir is about 250±7℃, while the temperature ranges of the median and shallow reservoirs are 241~190℃ and 195~154℃ respectively....

气体、同位素、水化学地球化学温标显示，深层热储的温度约为 2 5 0± 7℃、中、浅层地热储温度的变化范围分别为 2 41～ 190℃和 195～ 15 4℃。根据岩浆来源 CO2 和 CH4之间的碳同位素分馏值计算，目前该区深部岩浆热源的温度应高于 5 14℃。

With the Superpave Gyratory Compactor tests of SBS modified asphalt mixtures at different temperature and the relationship between viscosity and shear rate, a shear rate 60(1/s) was suggested, and the construction temperature was determined according to the viscosity ranges

通过研究得到了SBS改性沥青的系列&过程&评价指标：粘温指数VTS，高温等级温度T_和低温等级温度T_，得到了SBS改性沥青施工温度的确定方法，对合理评价改性沥青路用性能，控制路面施工具有重要意义。

The results indicate that the different thermal expansions and elastoplastic properties and distributed randomness of various mineral particles composed of oil shale will lead to the nonuniformity of thermal field , deformation field and stress field in heating process , which makes the particles of oil shale deform incompatibly : and the release of product pyrolysis results in irreversible damages of oil shale material and structure . These are the main reasons for the thermal fracture of oil shale .

研究结果表明：组成油页岩各种矿物颗粒热膨胀和弹塑性性质的不同及其分布的随机性，导致油页岩加热过程中温度场，变形场和应力场的非均匀性，使得油页岩颗粒间变形不协调和油页岩热解产物释放引起油页岩材料与结构性能发生不可逆的劣化损伤，这是油页岩发生热破裂的主要原因；热传导方式加热油页岩，温度的传递比较缓慢，加热井和生产井的间距不宜过大，对油页岩储层性质存在差异时，注热井应选择较高热导率的区段；油页岩的层理对油页岩地下原位开发形成渗透带至关重要，油页岩达到热解温度会产生附加的膨胀力，首先在层理处开裂，应充分利用油页岩层理赋存条件改造其渗透性。

The results indicate that the different thermal expansions and elastoplastic properties and distributed randomness of various mineral particles composed of oil shale will lead to the nonuniformity of thermal field, deformation field and stress field in heating process, which makes the particles of oil shale deform incompatibly: and the release of product pyrolysis results in irreversible damages of oil shale material and structure. These are the main reasons for the thermal fracture of oil shale. When oil shale is heated through thermal conduction, temperature transfers slowly, so the spacing between heating well and production well should not be kept too long. When difference exists in oil shale reservoir's properties, heating well should be chosen in the high conductivity region. Oil shale's stratification is vital for developing permeation zone in in-situ retorting. Oil shale will generate additional expansion force as it reaches its pyrolysis temperature, and stratification will be cracked first, so the oil shale stratification should be utilized to enhance its permeability.

研究结果表明：组成油页岩各种矿物颗粒热膨胀和弹塑性性质的不同及其分布的随机性，导致油页岩加热过程中温度场、变形场和应力场的非均匀性，使得油页岩颗粒间变形不协调和油页岩热解产物释放引起油页岩材料与结构性能发生不可逆的劣化损伤，这是油页岩发生热破裂的主要原因；热传导方式加热油页岩，温度的传递比较缓慢，加热井和生产井的间距不宜过大，对油页岩储层性质存在差异时，注热井应选择较高热导率的区段；油页岩的层理对油页岩地下原位开发形成渗透带至关重要，油页岩达到热解温度会产生附加的膨胀力，首先在层理处开裂，应充分利用油页岩层理赋存条件改造其渗透性。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。