温度

Temperature field in the sinter process of magnetic ferrite was numerically simulated by using finite element method. Temperature distribution of workpiece during the sinter process is concluded, where it indicates different sinter stage and different diathermanous mode. Also critical temperature is gained, it differentiates between low temperature stage mainly with convection and high temperature stage mainly with radiation.

利用有限元分析法对永磁铁氧体材料烧结过程温度场进行了数值模拟研究，得出铁氧体磁瓦在烧结过程的不同传热方式下、不同烧结阶段的温度分布规律，得出了烧结过程对流传热为主的低温阶段与辐射传热为主的高温阶段的分界温度。

From the pyrolyzed product at 200℃ of Gephyrocapsa oceanica a group of C〓 dicycle terpenoids were firstly identified. They were highly instable and sensitive to temperature because they can only generate at 200℃ and segregate or transform at higher temperature. Therefore they can not only be an indicator of special temperature of organic matter originated from G. oceanica, but can be used to distinguish organic matter from G. oceanica before the hydrocarbon generation peak.

在近海颗石藻Gephyrocapsa oceanica 200℃产出的饱和烃中首次检出了一组C〓二环萜类化合物，这一组特殊的C〓二环萜类化合物在颗石藻来源的有机质中是高度不稳定和温度敏感的，因为它们只在200℃时才形成，更高的温度条件下便解离或转化了，因此，它们既可以是近海颗石藻Gephyrocapsa oceanica来源有机质的特定温度条件的指示，又可以被用于判识该藻类在成烃高峰到来前所形成的有机质。

A set of in situ infrared apparatus which can beoperated at liquid nitrogen temperature is established. The structuralstudies of polyhydride of Ruthenium is carried out from roomtemperature to liquid nitrogen temperature. The structural conversion of〓 between dihydrogen and dihydride is observed firstly. It issuggested that with temperature changing, a fluxional structureconversion between terminal and bridged hydrogen appears. NMR studyand DV-Xα calculation are performed in this paper.

建立了可至液氮温度的原位红外测试装置，进行了室温至液氮温度区间钌多氢化合物的结构研究，首次发现了〓在室温存在分子氢与原子氢的结构流变，发现了新化合物存在随温度变化而出现桥氢与端氢的结构转化；进行了NMR测试及DV—〓计算。

And in the process of research for temperature effect on π-A isotherm, it's proved that temperature has a little effect on the insoluble films of synthesized dimeric surfactants. But it has a great effect to the monomer of the surfactants.

另外，在研究温度对它的曲线影响时发现，温度对合成的二聚表面活性剂成膜的影响很小，而这种结构的单体受温度的影响非常明显。

The Ce and La particulates in mischmetal were dispersively distributed into the Mg melt before the formation of Al RE compound and may serve as substrate for heterogeneous nucleation with 0.05% mischmetal addition.

过热处理工艺对Mg Al系合金有明显的细化作用，但不同成分的合金所需的过热温度不一样，通常的过热温度在液相线温度以上 15 0℃到 2 6 0℃之间[1] 。

Liquidus temperature is one of important parameters of production of aluminum electrolyze.

铝电解生产过程中电解温度是一个非常重要的工艺参数，电解温度与铝电解质初晶温度之间的差值称之为过热度。

Specifically, itcontains 8 chapters.In chapter 1, the formation, structures, properties and the futureprospect of liposome were thoroughly reviewed;In chapter 2, the stibility and permeability of phopholipid -eleostericacid liposome were studied together with the effect of polymerizationof eleostearic acid. This membrane system was very sensitive to 〓,the effect of 〓 was clarified to increase the aggregation/fusion ofliposomes and made the permeability of mixed liposomes much higher;In chapter 3, two polymerizable conjugated diyne bolaamphiphiles were synthesized. They could form very stable mixed liposome, andthe diyne could be polymerized by UV light in bilayer liposomes, as aresult, the stability of mixed liposome against solvent or surfactantafter polymerization were enhanced. In chapter 4, two kinds of amphiphilic amino acids were synthesized andstable liposomes were formed therefrom After the condensationpolymerization of amino acid in bilayer liposomes, stable polypeptide liposomes were obtained, which had lower phase transition temperatureand higher permeability.In chapter 5, four kinds of glycolipids were synthesized and theiraggregation behavior in water was comparied. When incorporated intophospholipid bilayer membranes, they could increase the phase transitiontemperatures and inhibit the aggregation and fusion of mixedliposomesat lower temperature.In chapter 6 and 7, three kinds of steroidal bolaamphiphiles withdifferent chain lengths were synthesized. Incorporation of steroidalmoiety to the center of lipid bilayer membrane obviously increased themobility of lipid membrane and shifted Tc to lower temperature side incomparasion with cholesterol. The bolaamphiphile which was shorter thanthe hosted lipid bilayer membrane thickness influenced the lipid packingmore obviously.

全文共分8章：第一章对脂质体的形成、结构、性质及展望进行了较为详细的文献综述；第二章研究了磷脂-桐酸脂质体的稳定性，通透能力及桐酸的聚合对这些性质的影响；磷脂-桐酸混合脂质体为一类对〓灵敏的脂质体，〓的作用首先是使脂质体集聚然后使脂质体融合，并加速内包荧光物的释放；第三章通过合成两种可聚合共轭双炔双极性双亲分子DDCA，DDOL，研究了共双炔分子在双分子层脂质体膜上的聚合及对脂质体性质的影响，聚合可以提高脂质体相对于溶剂及表面活性剂的稳定性；第四章合成了两类氨基酸为极性基团的双亲分子，它们均可以在超声下形成稳定的脂质体结构；氨基酸基团可以在脂质体上进行缩聚反应，若聚合后脂质体表面仍有足够的亲水能力，则可得到稳定的多肽型脂质体；聚合后脂质体的相变温度降低，通透能力增加；第五章合成了四种亲水基团为单糖基的双亲分子GL-l，GL-2，GL-3， GL-4，研究了它们在水中的分散情况、集合体形态与分子结构的关系；在DMPC双分子层膜中加入糖脂分子可以使脂质体的相变温度提高，阻止脂质体在低温放置时的集聚与融合；第六章-第七章合成了三种不同碳链长度的双极性含胆甾环双亲分子 CL-1，CL-2，CL-3；它们可以象胆固醇一样与磷脂混合形成稳定脂质体，胆甾环基团位于脂质体双分子层膜的中间；与胆固醇的作用相反，它们可以增加磷脂双分子层膜的流动性，降低混合脂质体的相变温度；三种分子的作用与其碳链长度和磷脂双分子层膜的厚度有关，比膜厚度短的分子影响最大。

Because acrylon macrololecules a enterokinesia, with the temperature rising aggravated, it is very sensitive to temperature, that is, enterokinesia is with the temperature changes.

因为腈纶不小不合子链段的蠢动，随着温度降低而增剧，它差温度出格敏锐，也不离是说，蠢动是随着温度的改变而改变。

Low temperature ordering of FePt thin films has been achieved by using a thin equiatomic AuCu underlayer.

提出并利用相干生长的多层膜中有序－无序转变过程的彼此关联作用，借助AuCu缓冲层的低温有序化，降低FePt薄膜的有序转变温度200℃以上，为FePt薄膜的低温有序化开劈了一条新途径；制备多层膜，退火形成有序相FePt纳米颗粒分散在Ag基体的复合结构，比FePt/Ag共溅射或合金多层膜方法的退火温度明显降低；通过缓冲层Ta控制FePt的粗糙度和晶界密度，同时界面附近Ta、Pt发生化学反应，两者共同促进薄膜内Pt原子的有效迁移，从而加速FePt有序化；进一步，在Ta和FePt之间插入Bi薄层，强化Ta、Pt的扩散，在更低温度下形成高矫顽力的有序化FePt薄膜且FePt晶粒之间交换作用大大减弱；发现MgO薄膜作底层，可控制与MgO晶粒尺寸大致相当的临界厚度以下的FePt有序化薄膜的（001）取向，同时，MgO和FePt的相对厚度显著影响（001）取向FePt的有序化。

All glass-ceramics with different compositions can have fine equiaxial crystalline microstructures and low thermal expansion coefficient.

玻璃的熔化温度和玻璃晶化峰温度及转变温度不断降低。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。