温度

The proposed method has the merit that the numerical characteristics of stochastic temperature field response can be obtained by analyzing the random temperature field just in one time.3. Perturbed numerical algorithm of nonprobabilistic convex set theoretical models on the temperature fieldThe uncertain parameters of physical parameters and initial boundary conditions of heat conduction are described by the convex model. The perturbation formulas of the upper and lower bounds of temperature field response with unknown-but-bounded parameters are given via the combination of matrix perturbation theory and the convex set theory model.4. Numerical analysis for transient temperature field with interval parametersConsidering the uncertainties of the transient heat transfer, the physical parameters and initial boundary conditions are regarded as interval variables.

该方法具有只进行一次随机温度场分析便可以获得其响应的数字特征的优点。3、温度场的非概率凸集合理论模型的摄动数值解法将结构导热的物理参数、温度场的初始和边界条件等不确定性参数以凸模型加以描述，基于矩阵摄动理论和处理不确定问题的凸集合理论模型的结合，导出有界不确定参数瞬态温度场响应所在集合的上、下界摄动计算公式。4、具有区间参数的瞬态温度场数值分析考虑结构瞬态热传导问题的不确定性，将结构各物理参数和温度的初、边值条件均视为区间变量。

It is found that the resistivity increases linearly with temperature rising in certain range of temperature above the melting point. During subsequent calefaction, the results obviously show that a turn point appears in the resistivity-temperature curve for every composition at certain temperature.

发现在液相线以上一定的温度范围内，其电阻率随温度的升高而线性增加，即其电阻率温度系数α基本保持不变；当温度超过某一临界温度时，α随温度的升高出现异常变化。

The results show that the density of gritstone is decreased gradually as the temperature increasing; so that it can be ignored; the longitudinal wave velocity is linearly decreased when the temperature increasing, and decrease rate of it follows the law of conic; R is one temperature point, which makes the law of tensile strength of gritstone after high temperature follows the law of parabola; and the maximal tensile strength appears when the operative temperature is R. After the temperature is higher than 700 ℃, tensile strength is small and change range is small when the temperature is increased.

结果表明，高温后粗砂岩的密度随试验温度的升高减小幅度很小，几乎可忽略不记；高温后试件中纵波波速的传播随温度升高基本呈线性降低，而减小率呈二次曲线规律变化；存在一个温度点R，使高温后试件的抗拉强度呈开口向下抛物线关系变化，且在R温度作用后试件抗拉强度达到最大；当试验温度大于700 ℃后，试件的抗拉强度变得很小，且当温度升高时变化幅度也很小。

The impact of critical technology parameters which were cooking temperature?cheddar pH and stretching temperature on full fat Mozzarella cheese textural properties(TPA Hardness?TPA Cohesiveness?TPA Springness)and functional properties(Meltability?Free oil)was studied in this peaper by using currency three factors quadratic rotation design. It came to the conclusions that TPA Hard and Free Oil were increased properly with cooking temperature increased,the formation of free oil was increased with stretching t...

采用三因素二次通用旋转组合设计，研究热缩温度、堆酿pH、拉伸温度等关键工艺参数对全脂Mozzarella干酪的质构特性和功能特性的影响规律，结果表明提高热缩温度可增加干酪硬度及干酪的油脂析出性；提高拉伸温度也可增加干酪的油脂析出性；堆酿pH对干酪的弹性有较大影响，随着堆酿pH的降低，干酪的弹性增大，并与热烫拉伸温度之间有交互作用，即低的堆酿pH和高的拉伸温度时干酪的弹性大。

Based on fiber Bragg grating, the authors develop an on-line temperature monitoring system for power cables and measure outer surface temperature of cables under different laying modes; analyze the relation among cable temperature, ambient temperature and load of cable lines.

为此设计了基于光纤光栅的电缆温度在线监测系统，实测了不同敷设方式下电缆的表皮温度；分析了电缆温度与环境温度以及线路负荷间的关系；采用等效热路法，由监测到的电缆表皮温度拟合出电缆的实际载流量，实现了对电缆温度及载流量的在线监测，确保电缆运行的安全性与经济性。

The temperature field of cross section and temperature variation graph in bar and rod continuous rolling process were done by FEM.

本文采用有限元方法对棒线材连轧过程轧件温度场进行了解析，解出了轧件横断面温度场并绘制了连轧过程中轧件温度变化曲线，可以看出变形区热传导作用对轧件表面温度有较大的影响，计算结果表明，在精轧机组之前设定值与轧件表面温度的计算值吻合，在进入精轧机组之后设定值更接近于轧件平均温度的计算值。

The observation also indicated the important influence of pH on the growth of the bacterial population, and their quantitative distribution on the glacier surface. The sequence analysis indicated that the obtained DNA fragment from the thermophile isolate Staphylococcus equorum Muzt-D84 belonged to the partial of cspA gene sequence.

结果表明：慕士塔格冰芯中存在3种类型的微生物，其中嗜冷菌为Muzt-D8，其生长温度范围为0~23℃，最适生长温度为15℃；耐冷菌为Muzt-D7， Muzt-G32和Muzt-F01，其生长温度范围为0~40℃，最适生长温度为23℃；宽温菌为Muzt-D84，其生长温度范围为0~45℃，最适生长温度为30℃。

Heating billet temperature cannot be detected in the hearth. Only by detecting temperatures of the stove side or hearth with estimation from mere experience could lead to great error on the measurement of billet temperature and affect the quality of post-processing accordingly; Overheating also exists in the heating process, and the quality of product is sway by overheating oxidation. Though infrared thermoscope is used to detect the temperature of billet when it is taken out of the stove, precision is still affected because of the oxide layer on the surface.

燃气与空气的配气量比例，一般通过人工调节，未实现按加热条件自动动态调节；无法在炉膛内检测被加热钢材的温度，只能通过检测炉壁或炉膛温度，再凭经验估计钢材温度，结果是钢板温度误差大，影响后续加工质量；钢材加热存在表面过烧现象，有时表面烧损、氧化严重，影响产品质量；尽管钢材出炉时，可用红外线测温仪来进行钢材表面温度检测，但因钢材表面存在氧化层，也影响钢材温度检测精度。

The influence rule to powder quality and quantity from some technical parameters such as materials vapor tension, gas pressure, the ratio between hydrogen and argon, current intensity and gas circulate intensity were discussed by single-factor experiment, on the base of which the perpendicularity experiment scheme was arranged.

本文采用压力模型计算出稳定弧光制粉时的气相空间温度在373K以下；从电流密度和电导率角度计算出等离子体电弧场中心温度高达5000-6500K；由此得出弱电离等离子体自由弧的自身温度场即使没有外界强制冷却，在等离子体焰区特征半径(约1.26cm)范围内的温度梯度就可达4787℃/cm，这是电弧等离子体温度场分布高度集中的具体表现，也是纳米金属粉末无须液氮冷却就能生成的本质原因，阐释了等离子体温度场自身的极大温度梯度是金属粉体纳米化的控制机制。

According to the gap in the field,the effect of mutative skin temperature on objects' millimeter wave radiation temperature is studied. The radiation temperatures of various objects with different skin temperatures are measured by 3 mm DC Dicke radiometer.The result shows the change rules of radiation temperatures of objects with different emissivities are distinct.And the effect is more obvious as the higher emissivity.Based on measured data, temperature variation coefficients of various objects are calculated by the least square method.

针对目标表面温度实时变化引起毫米波辐射变化的规律尚未被研究的现状，使用3 mm直流Dicke式辐射计对不同表面温度条件下的目标辐射温度进行了测量，发现使用不同发射率材料的目标的辐射温度随表面温度变化的规律明显不同，材料发射率越高，目标辐射温度受表面温度的影响越大。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。