渣

Two-equation turbulence model is used in numerical simulation for the side-air burner, compared with the practical measures and tests, good accordance achives. This method can bring great convenience in analyzing aerodynamical field of boiler. Secondly the method of XRD is used in analyzing the phase transformation in the course of dynamic slagging test, so we can describe the process of slagging comparatively accurately. Last this paper introduces a kind of fuzzy mathematics model which comprises an assemblage combined by seven change factor.

本文首先采用k—ε双方程模型对水煤浆侧边风燃烧器进行了数值模拟，并与实际锅炉燃烧器冷态调试试验结果对比，结果吻合较好，这为我们分析炉内空气动力场特性提供了参考；其次对锅炉结渣动态特性试验，采用XRD的分析方法，较为准确的描述了实际锅炉结渣的过程；最后为了准确的判断出水煤浆的结渣倾向，本文对锅炉结渣的七个影响因素提出了模糊综合判断模型，正确的反映出了该水煤浆的结渣倾向。

Experiment results indicate the more desirable orange-pomace bread can be produced if the orange pomaces are not washed in water, the sample is oven-dried and the particle diameter distribution of the orange pomaces in use is less than 250 μm. Due to the fact that the water-absorption ability of orange pomaces is strong, we may want to mix pomaces with the oil of the recipe first during the process of making orange-pomace bread and add the mixture later to the formation of the structure of gluten. Under the condition that orange pomaces account for 14% of the ingredients, the adjusted optimal condition calls for extra 2% of oil, 3% of water and 4% of gluten, the amount of yeast is increased to 2% and the fermentation time is 2 hours. The orange-pomace bread made under this condition has a specific volume of 5.19 cm3/g and receives a rating of 9.5 point. It is close to the American-style sweat bread of the control group. It is also found that the addition of orange pomaces can help slow down the rise in hardness, gumminess and chewyness of the bread during the time it is in storage.

实验结果显示，柳橙果渣於制备过程不经过清水漂洗、利用烘箱乾燥样品、使用粒径分布尺寸小於250 μm之柳橙果渣对於制作柳橙果渣面包有较理想之结果，另外由於柳橙果渣吸水性强，於制作果渣面包时需将柳橙果渣先与配方中之油脂混合，待面团搅拌成筋后再加入。14%柳橙果渣添加量下，配方上调整的最适条件为额外添加2%油脂、3%水量、4%面筋，并将酵母量增加为2%，发酵时间为2 h，所制作出之柳橙果渣面包比体积为5.19 cm3/g，评分为9.5分，接近控制组美式甜面包，并且发现添加果渣制作面包可以减缓面包於储藏期间硬度、胶性度、咀嚼度上升之程度。

The effects of linear velocity at cup's edge and temperature of slag on particle diameter and mass fraction were investigated.

研究结果表明，随着转杯边缘线速度的提高，渣粒平均直径逐渐减小，渣粒向远离转杯的方向分布；当线速度超过6 m/s时，渣粒平均直径的变化随线速度的提高趋于平缓；当熔渣温度在1400 ℃～1500 ℃范围内时，熔渣温度对渣粒平均直径和质量分布没有影响。

The results showed that:①the crystalline phases are mainly the cuspidine, wollastonite and gehlenite with nepheline, fluorite and olivine also found in some samples under the experimental conditions;②with the bacisity and CaF_2 content increased, crystalline proportion of mold flux rises .

熔融保护渣在MoSi2高温电阻炉内以2℃/min降温速率冷却至室温，制成薄片，采用岩相显微镜分析保护渣的结晶矿相·结果表明：在本实验条件下，结晶矿相主要有枪晶石，硅灰石，黄长石，个别渣样有霞石，萤石，橄榄石；增大保护渣碱度，能促进保护渣结晶；随着渣中CaF2，Na2O，K2O和Li2O质量分数的增大，保护渣结晶化率增大；随着渣中Al2O3，MgO，BaO和MnO质量分数的增大，保护渣结晶化率减小

The major phase of both slags produced from air and CO/CO2 conditions were SiO2 and Fe2O3, which have much benefit to the encapsulation of heavy metals. The leaching concentration of zinc in CO/CO2 reducing condition is an order less than that in air oxidizing condition due to the higher vapored heavy metals in CO/CO2 reducing condition compared to that in air oxidizing condition. Furthermore, the leaching rate of heavy metals in both CO/CO2 and air conditions are almost the same.

在熔渣特性改变方面，空气气体与CO/CO2还原气氛下所得之熔渣除外观上不同外，两种熔渣之XRD之图谱因熔渣之结晶程度不良，仅可鉴定出SiO2及Fe2O3两种晶相，因而熔渣中之SiO2及Fe2O3可视为较为稳定之晶体结构，故在还原气氛熔融时，对熔渣中重金属之匣限化仍具有正面助益。

Based on the practical work of compiling scheme for water and soil protection, classification on soil pita and residue pita were made out. For soil pits, there were three categories: soil digging along contour line, soil digging at slope without striding over ridge, soil digging at slope bestriding ridge; and the residue pits were classified into four categories: low-lying, ditch, slope and flat pit.

根据我们编制水土保持方案的工作实践，对借土场和弃渣场分别进行了分类：借土场可分为沿等高线借土、不跨山脊坡面借土和跨山脊坡面借土三大类；弃渣可分为填洼弃渣、沟道弃渣、坡面弃渣和平地弃渣四大类。

The preference soil pit was contour line pit, the second choice was soil digging at slope bestriding ridge, and the last selection was soil digging at slope without striding over ridge. And the preference residue pit was low-lying, next was flat pit, and the last choice was ditch or slope pits.

提出了借土场和弃渣场的优先选择方法：借土方式应优先选择沿等高线借土，跨山脊坡面借土次之，最后考虑不跨山脊坡面借土；弃渣方式应优先选择填洼弃渣，平地弃渣次之，最后选择沟道弃渣或坡面弃渣。

The research of convectors final slag properties indicates that, the content of MgO in final slag, in top blown, is lower than that in bottom blown, and the content of TFe in former is higher than that in latter, and as the content of MgO in slag increased, the melting point of slag increase, significantly.

转炉终渣性能分析研究表明，顶吹终渣MgO的含量比复吹终渣含量低，顶吹终渣中的TFe含量比复吹终渣的含量高；随着渣中MgO含量的增加，渣的熔点显著增大。

It was found by water modeling study that there are mainly three types of mold powder entrapment in slab continuous casting, i. e., the entrapment caused by the shearing flow near the narrow face of the mold, the entrapment caused by vortexes in regions around the submerged entry nozzle and the entrapment caused by the disturbing action of the Ar bubbles on the interface between liquid steel and mold powder.

对板坯连铸结晶器保护渣卷渣进行的水力学模拟研究结果表明，主要有三种类型的卷渣，即窄边附近的剪切卷渣、浸入式水口附近的旋涡卷渣和水口吹入的氢气泡上浮冲击钢渣界面引起的卷渣。

This study also makes orange-pomace bread out of orange pomaces and examines conditioning factors including the amount of orange pomaces added, different pomaces preparation processes, the ways pomaces are added, the particle diameter distribution of pomaces and the amount of water, oil and gluten added, changes of the amount of the yeast; and the time it takes for the flour to be fermented.

新鲜柳橙榨汁后剩余之连皮果渣部分富含膳食纤维，因此本实验将其制成乾燥柳橙果渣粉末，探讨不同制备过程对於柳橙果渣样品的化学组成分及物理性质的影响，并将柳橙果渣用於制作果渣面包，探讨的条件因子包括果渣添加量、不同果渣制备过程、果渣添加方式、果渣粒径分布以及添加水量、油量、面筋量、改变酵母添加量、面团发酵时间，将所制作之果渣面包进行比体积分析与评分，以得到制作高果渣纤维含量面包之最适条件因子，并将最后制作出之柳橙果渣面包进行质地剖面分析测试，探讨其对面包质地以及储藏性的影响。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。