渗透调节

During the process of long-time adaptive evolution, wetland plants adopted a series of special strategies to acclimate to salt stress. The main strategies are: 1 life history adjustment, e. g., to adjust seed germination time, implement seed dormancy and viviparity, and change reproductive manner to escape from direct salt stress, 2 morphological adjustment, e. g., to adjust biomass allocation pattern, age stem, defoliate, and carnify vegetative organs to isolate the redundant Na(superscript +) to the inactive-metabolism shoots or exclude the Na(superscript +)from tissues; 3 anatomic adjustment, e. g., to sink stoma, develop aerenchyma, and thicken cuticle and phellogen to maintain normal photosynthesis and respiration; 4 physiological and biochemical adjustment, e. g., to exclude and excrete salt, compartmentalize ions, adjust osmosis, do selective absorption, regulate hormones, and induce antioxidative enzymes to maintain the osmotic equilibrium and eliminate the active oxygen in cell; and 5 molecular level adjustment, e. g., to start up many salt-induced genes to regulate the metabolic responses to salt stress.

在长期的适应进化过程中，湿地植物形成了多种适应盐胁迫的策略，主要有：1生活史方面，植物可通过种子萌发时间的调整、种子体眠、胎生、繁殖方式的改变等逃避盐度的直接伤害；2形态学方面，植物可通过生物量分配模式的调整、茎的老化、落叶及营养器官的肉质化等将多余的Na隔离到代谢不活跃的茎中或将其排出体外；3解剖学方面，植物可通过气孔下陷、发达的通气组织、增加细胞木栓层、角质层及栅栏组织的厚度等以维持植物正常的光合作用和呼吸作用；4生理生化方面，植物可通过离子区隔化、拒盐、泌盐、选择性吸收、渗透调节、激素调节及抗氧化物酶的诱导等来维持细胞内正常的渗透压，清除胞内活性氧分子；5分子水平方面，植物可通过多种与盐胁迫相关的基因来调控细胞内的多种代谢反应。

Nobel Prize in Chemistry for Water Channel pins as Aquapodns to Activate Choroid Plexus for Osmoreguiation to protect micro-organisms from freezing and osmotic shock→ Modulats intend fluid environment and maintain blood and cellular fluid compositions within extreme presence of Leukemia, Carcinomatosis, congestive heart failure, brain edema, muscular dystrophy , anhidrosis, renal tubular acidosis, cystic fibrosis and other acute

Weater Channel水闸，是以2003年诺贝化学奖发现的水通道《水闸》蛋白，启动脉络丛的渗透调节，以保护徽生物免於从冻结和渗透压冲击→进一步可为白血病，扩散性肿瘤，充血性心丽衰竭，脑水肿，肌肉萎缩症，缺汗症，肾小管发中毒，囊肿性纤维化和其他急性和慢性疾病等（患者》，调节其内部极端存在的流体环境，和维持其血液和细胞内的液体成分。

But the EGTA treatment had the opposite effect.(3)During chilling stress,Ca~(2+)treatment could delay the decrease of K~+,Mg~(2+), soluable protein content and the increase of Ca~(2+)content;And it could enhance the increase of soluable sugar,free amino acid,proline,heat stable protein and Na~+ content of the heat-shock-induced cucmber seedings.Then it enhanced the osmoregulation ability and delayed the decrease of water potential of the heat-shock-induced cucmber seedings.But the EGTA treatment had the opposite effect.

3钙处理能减缓冷胁迫下热激黄瓜幼苗的可溶性蛋白质、K~+、Mg~(2+)含量的下降以及Ca~(2+)含量的上升，增强可溶性糖、游离氨基酸、脯氨酸、热稳定蛋白和Na~+含量的上升，增强了热激黄瓜幼苗的渗透调节能力，从而缓解了低温下水势的下降；而EGTA处理则相反。

Pro and soluble sugar are most important osmotic adjustment material. In theprocess of drought stress, they are continuously cumulate.

脯氨酸和可溶性糖都是重要的渗透调节物质，在干旱胁迫下，二者都是不断累积的。

The results showed that the inorganic and organic fertilizers can increase soluble sugar and soluble protein content of leaves, and it can enhance the activities of NR, and whats more, it may adjust assimilation and output of nitrogen and stave doat, provide the valid energy for accumulation of kernel nutrition substances, at the same time, it make high-oil maize mature lively.

有机无机肥料配合施用可增加叶片可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量，提高叶片硝酸还原酶活性，从而增强叶片细胞渗透调节能力，调节植株对氮素同化和输出，延缓衰老，为籽粒营养物质的积累提供了有效能量，也保证了高油玉米活杆成熟青贮加工的要求。

The results were as follows: under light or medium water stress, the changes of RWC, Pro, RCC, MDA and SOD were similar, membrane penetration and membrane lipid peroxidation aggravated, osmotic modulation ability and enzyme protection system strengthened; physiological modulation ability declined under severe water stress. Almonds subjected to drought in the condition of below 3.77% soil water content. Altogether Fritz and Nonpareil both had stronger resistant drought adaptation.

结果表明，在受到轻度和中度胁迫过程中，扁桃幼苗叶片的Pro、RCC、MDA以及SOD都出现相似变化趋势，细胞膜透性和膜脂过氧化程度逐渐加剧，渗透调节能力和酶保护系统增强；在重度胁迫时，其生理调节能力下降，当达到土壤含水量3.77%以下的重度胁迫时，就会受到旱害；总体而言，两个供试品种扶兹和那普瑞尔都具有较强的抗旱适应性。

The purpose of this article is to study the semilethal low temperature of S.glabra Nakai leaves and the changes of water content and osmoregulation substances.

以草珊瑚为材料，研究了其叶片低温半致死温度与水分和渗透调节物随气温下降的变化。

NO osmoregulation and cell wall elastic adjustment was shown under soil droughton half-part roots condition.

分根干旱条件下，叶片中没有渗透调节和细胞壁弹性调节的发生。

There were larger differences in element contents between different organs of mangroves, while sodium distributed equally in the different organs of \%C. eyrei.\%(2)The osmoregulation of 5 mangroves was mainly fulfilled by salt accumulation.(3)Salt exclusion by roots was the most important salt tolerant mechanism of all mangroves. Keeping lower salt contents in above ground organs was the common feature of all mangroves.(4)Except the efficiency in salt exclusion by roots, no apparent deficiencies in element accumulation and distribution could be found between salt excluders \%(K. candel, B. sexangula\% and \%R. stylosa)\% and salt secreters \%(Avicennia marina\% and \%Aegiceras corniculatum).

结果表明：(1)红树植物体内存在一有效的盐分重新分配机制，各器官之间盐分含量差别较大，而甜槠植物体内Na分布相对比较均匀；(2)这5种红树植物主要是通过积累盐分来抵御生境高盐引起的渗透胁迫；(3)根系拒盐是所有红树植物最重要的排盐机制，在满足细胞渗透调节的前提下，保持地上部分器官较低的盐分浓度是所有红树植物的共同特点；(4)拒盐红树植物与泌盐红树植物除根系排盐效率上有所差别外，在植物体各器官元素积累及分配方面，没有明显的差异。

Root-bom ABA didn't mediate both osmoregulation and cellwall elastic adjustment in leaf Both Prolime content and K+ content ircreased with thetime of soil drought on half-port roots prolonging, but no change in soluble sugars,root-bom ABA promoted proline generation and K+ accumulation.

根源ABA对叶片渗透调节和弹性调节没有调控作用。叶片中脯氨酸和K+含量随分根干旱天数的增加而增大，而可溶性糖含量的变化较小。根源ABA可促进脯氨酸形成和K+的积累。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了