渗透压

The results showed that the hypertonic activation depolarized the outer hair cell and made it elongate.

结果发现，在高渗透压环境中，离体活外毛细胞去极化，同时细胞伸长。

It also improved Van't Hoff's equation for strong electrolyte solution and non- electrolyte solution .

对范霍夫方程从理论上给予修正，提出了非电解质溶液和强电解质溶液的新的渗透压方程。

Additionally, in kidney section, we observed the hydropic change caused of the glucose, it would make the cell damage. When HSE or HPE pretreated, this phenomena was improved.

另外，在肾脏组织切片可以发现，以STZ诱发糖尿病，可以观察到肾小管的细胞明显出现了许多的透明水肿的变化，这可能是由於葡萄糖造成渗透压的改变，使细胞受到损伤所致，给予HSE及HPE可以改善此现象。

Appropriate settings for the application include the treatment of ketoacidosis, perioperative glucose management, hyperosmolar nonketotic state, gastroparesis with intractable nausea and vomiting, labor and delivery,"learning" a patient's insulin sensitivity, critically ill patients in intensive care units, myocardial infarction, and hyperalimentation.

此应用程式之设定包括治疗酮酸血症、手术前后血糖控制、高渗透压非酮体性状态、胃轻瘫并棘手的恶心呕吐、阵痛与分娩、模拟病患的胰岛素敏感度、加护病房之重症病患、心肌梗塞和高滋养疗法；此软体不可用於对胰岛素过敏之病患或小於18岁者。

It can stimulate neurotropic receptor to powerfully motivate Transient Receptor Potential Ion Channels which are the vanguard of Cell Sensory Systems to mediate sensory transduction, responding to temperature, touch,pain, sweet, bitter, taste, osmolarity, pheromones, warmth, heat, cold, stimulus and hypertonicity.

它可以刺激神经受体有力地激发瞬间受体电位离子通道，这是先锋的细胞感觉系统来调解感觉传导，反应温度，触摸，疼痛，甜，苦，味道，渗透压，信息素，暖，热，冷，刺激和肌张力亢进。

These results suggested that hypotonicity inhibited ATP-actived currents via TRPV4 receptor, which was mediated partly by reducing cAMP concentration directly rather than by PKA and downstream process.

以上结果表明，低渗透压作用于TRPV4受体，可能通过直接抑制cAMP的生成而抑制P2X受体介导的电流，从而发挥对ATP激活电流的抑制作用。

This experiment aimed to investigate the modulation of hypotonicity on ATP-activated currents in primary sensory neurons. Whole cell-patch clamp recording was performed on cultured SD rat trigeminal ganglion neurons.

本实验应用全细胞膜片钳技术，在大鼠三叉神经节神经元上探讨低渗透压对ATP-激活电流的调制作用。

The invention use an alcaligenes faecalis as a fermentation strain, using sucrose or glucose commonly used in food industry as carbon source for microbe cultivation, using conventional chemical fertilizer in the agricultural production as nitrogen source and inorganic salt, the medium of microbial growth is prepared by auxiliary yeast powder, aerobic fermentation is processed in the conditions of 30 DEG C, 1.0vvm, 500r/min ventilatiing and stirring, adding specially supplementary food fluid in the fermentation course achieves the following aims:(1) controlling the penetrating pressure of the broth in the hypotonicity condition;(2) controlling the pH of the broth between 4.0 and 7.0;(3) providing abundant nutritious matter such as carbon source and nitrogen source for microbial growth, obtaining Weilan gum broth after 72 hours, obtainin Weilan gum product by drying in 95-115 DEG C and atmospheric pressure.

本发明以一株粪产碱杆菌为发酵菌种，使用食品工业中常用的蔗糖或葡萄糖作为微生物培养的碳源，以农业生产中常用的化肥作为氮源和无机盐，辅以酵母粉配制微生物生长的培养基，在30℃以1.0vvm、500r/min通风搅拌条件下好氧发酵，发酵过程中流加特殊配制的补料液以达到以下目的：(1)控制发酵液的渗透压处于低渗条件；(2)控制发酵液的pH处于4.0～7.0之间；(3)为微生物生长提供丰富的碳源和氮源等营养物质，经72小时得到威兰胶发酵液，在95℃～115℃下常压干燥得到威兰胶产品。

2When Hypotonicity(220 mOsm, 260 mOsm, 300 mOsm)was preapplied extracellularly, it reduced ATP-activated currents significantly. This inhibitory effect was reversible, osmosis-dependent, and voltage-independent.

2预加低渗溶液(220 mOsm，260 mOsm，300 mOsm)，对IATP产生抑制作用，该抑制作用呈可逆性，渗透压依赖性和非电压依赖性。

The concentration-response curves for ATP with and without preapplication of hypotonicity showed that preapplication of hypotonicity shifted the curve downward; maximal amplitude of IATP with hypotonicity decreased by 25.26±2.41%, while the threshold value remained unchanged; the EC50 value of the two curves were very close(1.19×10-4M vs 1.33×10-4M).

3在低渗透压(260mOsm)环境下，ATP-激活电流的浓度反应曲线明显下移；阈值和最大反应浓度不变，EC50为1.19×10-4M，与单独加ATP时的1.33×10-4M基本一致；而最大反应浓度时的ATP电流幅值减小了25.26±2.41%(n=6)。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。