渗透

Experimental study of depressurization and augmented injection with surfactant of low concentration is carried out in several low permeability oilfields.

在绝对渗透率难以改变的客观条件下，通过改变油、水及岩石间的界面张力，从而改善油、水渗流性，提高水相渗透率，降低低渗透油层注入压力，并在一些低渗透油田开展了低浓度活性剂降压增注试验研究，取得了一定的效果。

In order to deep holding the engineering characteristic of the coarse-grained soil, this paper researched object that is the coarse-grained soil of the diametre from 0.1mm to 20mm that was often applied in the dam body filter structure, using the experiment method, carrying out the experiment the research of the coarse-grained soil permeability characteristic.

粗粒土在水力作用下，是一种结构极不稳定的土体，在渗流作用下极易发生渗透变形，容易引起坝体的渗透变形破坏。从渗透系数的变化上分析，其渗透变形过程是一个连续的过程，土体的破坏形式大都属于管涌破坏，破坏坡降较小，一般破坏坡降都小于2.5，有的甚至小于1.0。

In this paper the conflicting discussion of scholastic view-point on seepage force which has lasted many years is stated. Then the physical concept of seepage force and its related forces including the resolved two components (a seepage force and a buoyant force) from seepage resultant force, the transformation between the seepage force and boundary pore water pressures, schematic diagram of forces acting on unit soil mass and the mathematic proof by Green theorem are described.

追述了多年来对渗透力学术观点的争论，并再就此问题论述了渗透力的物理概念及其与之相关的各力（包括渗流作用合力及其分解成的两个分力，渗透力与周边孔隙水压力的转换关系及各力作用在单位土体的图示；从数学上引用格林公式，证明土体表面水压力与土体本身渗透力之间的转换关系。

The proportion of reserves of low permeability gas reservoirs to nonproducing reserves is larger and larger in China at present. And the depletion way of production is used in low permeability gas reservoir currently, so the gradual drop of formation pressure during the exploitation will result in the deformation of rocks, which makes the reservoir porosity and permeability decline.

目前中国低渗透气藏的储量占未动用气藏储量的比重越来越大，而低渗透气藏一般都采用衰竭式开采，在生产过程中地层压力逐渐下降，导致储层岩石变形，使得孔隙度和渗透率降低，从而导致低渗透气藏开发效果变差。

Membrane scaling is caused by the deposition of unsoluble salts as feedwater is converted to brine. In this process the ion concentration of calcium, magnesium and so on increases greatly which will lead to that the ion product of sparingly soluble salts exceeds its solubility product, and the unsoluble salts deposite on the surface of RO membrane to form membrane scaling.

在反渗透海水淡化过程中，由于膜的浓缩作用，浓水中的钙、镁等离子浓度大大增加，从而使难溶盐的离子积大于其溶度积，在反渗透膜表面形成膜垢，影响整个反渗透装置的正常运行，缩短了反渗透膜的使用寿命。

The optical dot gain results from basically the light scattering in substrates. In ink-jet printing the ink penetration changes the optics of the coating of the substrates including the light scattering coefficient and absorption coefficient. So it affects the optical dot gain greatly. The application of Kubelka-Munk Theory in halftones is also studied, and so an ink penetration model is established using K-M theory. The penetration depth and the scattering and absorption coefficients are decided.

第三章重点分析影响印刷质量的很重要因素：光学网点扩大，包括了光线在纸张内的散射、K-M理论在半色调印刷品中的应用，本文利用K-M理论建立了油墨渗透模型，确定了油墨渗透的平均深度以及油墨渗透之后介质的光吸收系数与光散射系数，并从宏观的角度分析了油墨渗透对喷墨印刷质量的影响，包括色相、色饱和度以及色调范围等。

METHODS In vitropermeation studies were conducted using two-chambered Valia-Chien glass diffusion cell assembly in three different skin species.

方法采用Valia-Chien双室渗透池进行离体皮肤渗透试验，HPLC法检测渗透液中Hup-A的浓度，比较Hup-A在不同种属皮肤的渗透动力学。

METHODS In vitro permeation studies were conducted using two-chambered Valia-Chien glass diffusion cell assembly in three different skin species.

采用Valia-Chien双室渗透池进行离体皮肤渗透试验，HPLC法检测渗透液中Hup-A的浓度，比较Hup-A在不同种属皮肤的渗透动力学。

Using self-made conventional PPOP as reference, relative bioavailability and pharmacokinetic study of novel PPOP and novel SOTs were performed in six beagle dogs by three-circle crossover design, drug concentration in plasma of beagle dogs after single dose oral administered of three kinds of osmotic pumps was detected by HPLC method.

本文采用高效液相色谱法，以自制的传统型格列齐特推拉式渗透泵片为参比制剂，以自制的双面打孔格列齐特推拉式渗透泵片和异步释放格列齐特三层渗透泵片为受试制剂，对三种格列齐特渗透泵制剂进行了beagle犬体内药物动力学研究。

As one of the most important osmoregulation actor, firstly,Proline plays a keyrole in the osmotic potential adjustment in plant cells. Secondly, Proline can preventNaCl from damaging the structure of biomacromolecule in cells. Thirdly, the highdissolubility and non-rejection capability of Proline can enlarge the solution volumnof the cell, so the concentration of salt will be diminished in cytoplasm and the saltstress will be relieved. Forthly, the accumulation of Proline could prevent thedehydrolysis from sap cavity in cytoplasm. Fifthly, the synthesis of plant chlorophyllwill be diminished under the salt stress, but the Proline can provide request ofchlorophyll synthesis.

脯氨酸作为渗透调节剂对植物体细胞渗透势的变化起重要作用：一，在盐胁迫下，脯氨酸在植物体内是一种重要的渗透调节剂，它是一些高等植物和绿藻抗盐和抗旱的主要渗透剂之一；二，脯氨酸可以保护细胞中的生物大分子的结构，使之不被NaCl破坏，并能维持其完整的水合范围；三，脯氨酸的高度溶解性以及其对植物各种酶活性不抑制性，可以扩大细胞的溶解容积，从而降低细胞质液中盐的浓度，减轻盐的胁迫作用；四，细胞质中积累的大量脯氨酸可以防止液泡对细胞质的脱水作用；五，在盐胁迫下，植物叶绿素的合成受到抑制，叶绿素的合成需要脯氨酸。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了