渗碳

In this paper,abrasion behavior of carbonitriding steels used in the manufacture of pump body is studied.

研究了碳氮共渗钢制作的水泵体的磨损特性。

The uncovered tracts and the liver wound surface were managed by some of the methods combined such as high frequency electrocoagulation, titanium clamp, suture, hemostatic gauze oppression, argon-beam coagulation, protein glue adherence, and Endo-GIA switcher. The total operative outcome, operating time, blood loss, postoperative complications and postoperative hospital stay were summarized in order to assess feasibility and safety of the clinical laparoscopic liver resection.Results: 1. Laparoscopic liver resection with clamp dissection method needs only the ordinary laparoscopic equipment. It has a low cost but causes a little more bleeding. 2. Laparoscopic liver resection operated by microwave tissue coagulation method had very little bleeding when dissecting hepatic parenchyma. The operative field is clear and the cost is low. It is a safe, convenient and effective method. 3. Ultrasound dissector is a relatively ideal appliance for laparoscopic liver resection at present because ofless bleeding during operation. But the speed is slow thus prolongs the operation time. Its separating intensity is not strong enough, and it can only be applied to patients without hepatic cirrhosis. 4. Ligsure has clamp dissection and electrocoagulation functions. It can carbonize hepatic tissue including the tracts whose diameters are less than 7mm. It has some advantage in dissecting. However, it has the shortcomings of the clamp dissector during coagulating. 5. Hand-assisted laparoscopic liver resection can make use of the flexibility and feeling of the operators left hand.

结果：1、钳夹分离切肝法不需特殊仪器设备，只要具备常规的腹腔镜器械即可实施，成本低，肝断面较易渗血；2、微波固化切肝法肝实质出血很少，视野清晰，成本低，操作简单，是一种安全、简便、有效的方法；3、超声刀是目前较为理想的切肝器械，术中出血少，但是，切割速度慢，手术时间长，而且，切割强度有限，适用于无肝硬化的肝切除；4、Ligsure具有挤压粉碎及高频电凝止血两大功能，可使包括7~以下管道的肝组织碳化、形成焦痴，具有一定的优势，但是，也存在分离钳电凝止血的缺点；5、手辅助腹腔镜肝切除可以利用术者左手的灵活性及手感，便于术中显露、分离、控制出血等，可随意协助右手及助手的主要操作，缩短了手术时间，大大提高了腹腔镜肝切除的安全性，李朝龙等的改良方法，同样达到了手辅助目的，又节省了费用；6、小切口腹腔镜辅助切肝法可以使用剖腹肝切除常规器械及剖腹肝切除技术，操作简单、可靠，适用于肝左外叶切除及右肝第V段切除；7、Endo一GIA切肝法在离断肝组织的同时闭合管道结构，多用于肝左静脉、门静脉分支、管径较大胆管的切割，缺点是不能用于较厚肝组织的切割，而且价格昂贵；8、临床巧例腹腔镜肝切除均获得成功，手术时间最短1.5h，最长sh，平均125 min，多数在100 min左右，手术出血量最少50 ml，最多500 ml，平均1 78 ml，除2例合并严重肝硬化的原发性肝癌患者术后出现少量腹水，1例术后发生胆漏外，其余无并发症，发生胆漏的1例患者术后住院40d，多数在术后一周左右出院，术后住院时间5一40d，平均gd。

The invention use an alcaligenes faecalis as a fermentation strain, using sucrose or glucose commonly used in food industry as carbon source for microbe cultivation, using conventional chemical fertilizer in the agricultural production as nitrogen source and inorganic salt, the medium of microbial growth is prepared by auxiliary yeast powder, aerobic fermentation is processed in the conditions of 30 DEG C, 1.0vvm, 500r/min ventilatiing and stirring, adding specially supplementary food fluid in the fermentation course achieves the following aims:(1) controlling the penetrating pressure of the broth in the hypotonicity condition;(2) controlling the pH of the broth between 4.0 and 7.0;(3) providing abundant nutritious matter such as carbon source and nitrogen source for microbial growth, obtaining Weilan gum broth after 72 hours, obtainin Weilan gum product by drying in 95-115 DEG C and atmospheric pressure.

本发明以一株粪产碱杆菌为发酵菌种，使用食品工业中常用的蔗糖或葡萄糖作为微生物培养的碳源，以农业生产中常用的化肥作为氮源和无机盐，辅以酵母粉配制微生物生长的培养基，在30℃以1.0vvm、500r/min通风搅拌条件下好氧发酵，发酵过程中流加特殊配制的补料液以达到以下目的：(1)控制发酵液的渗透压处于低渗条件；(2)控制发酵液的pH处于4.0～7.0之间；(3)为微生物生长提供丰富的碳源和氮源等营养物质，经72小时得到威兰胶发酵液，在95℃～115℃下常压干燥得到威兰胶产品。

While the contents of the dusulfurration flyash of the fourth fields is less than 20%, the desulfuration flyash of this plant can be as the materials mixed in M5 cement mortar. Because of the loose, large specific surface and having more remainders of unburnt coal, the flyash can be used as sorbent to dealing with the penetrating fluid.

由于粉煤灰在燃烧以后，表面疏松多孔，比表面积很大，有一定的吸附性能，同时粉煤灰中还含有一定量的未燃尽碳，其作用相当于平时用作吸附剂的活性碳，这也使粉煤灰具有很强的吸附性，所以本文设计了粉煤灰处理垃圾渗滤液的实验。

The carbon/carbon throat and copper sintered tungsten nozzle were wound in the middle of longtail nozzle insulation .

整体成型的长尾管通过复合缠绕方式将碳/碳喉衬与钨渗铜喷管组件黏结包裹在尾管绝热层内部。

The results show that a serious decarbonizing layer in the surface of high carbon steel is produced by ion bombarding.

结果表明，在离子轰击下，高碳钢表层产生严重的脱碳层，脱碳层的存在对随后的渗金属过程有着很大的影响。

Cyaniding Cyaniding, or liquid carbonitriding as it is sometimes called, is also a process that combines the absorption of carbon and nitrogen to obtain surface hardness in low-carbon steels that do not respond to ordinary heat treatment.

氰化 氰化，有时称为液体碳氮共渗，也是一种结合了吸收碳和氮来获得表面硬度的工艺，它主要用于不适合通常热处理的低碳钢。

Cyaniding, or liquid carbonitriding as it is sometimes called, is also a process that combines the absorption of carbon and nitrogen to obtain surface hardness in low-carbon steels that do not respond to ordinary heat treatment.

氰化氰化，或液体碳氮共渗，因为它有时被称为，也是一个过程，结合吸收碳和氮获得表面硬度低碳钢不回应普通热处理。

The result of analysis by electron m icrop robe show s that the distribution of nitrogen concentration in the layer is unifor , while the carbon concentration is m the maxi um near the layer surface and then quickly decreases in the nitrocarburizing layer Cr, Si, Mo in the layer gathered at a certain m .

电子探针成分分析结果表明，氮浓度分布较为均匀，碳浓度在接近表面处最高，随后在渗层中迅速降低，而 Cr，，在距渗层的表面一定距离处产生聚集。

We are the spirit of "excellent quality, integrity of reciprocity" principle, we know the quality and technology on Product modeling and the importance of constant innovation and focus on high-quality requirements, the introduction of high-quality China-made high-quality steel and steel products "in Guangzhou Industrial Research Institute of Electrical and Mechanical Heat Treatment Technology Research Center "co-operation to provide customers with high-quality steel heat treatment and testing services, including high-quality vacuum hardening, nitriding, carbonitriding, boron nitrogen permeation, soft nitriding, annealing, quenching and tempering,, the high-frequency surface hardening, surface hardening VHF, chemical surface heat treatment, vapor deposition, such as titanium nitride.

我们本著&卓越品质，诚信互惠&的原则，我们深知质量及技术对制模及产品之重要性，不断创新服务及注重高品质要求，推出国产名优钢厂之优质钢材及与&广州市机电工业研究所热处理技术研究中心&合作为客户提供高品质热处理及钢材化验服务，含高质素真空淬火、氮化、碳氮共渗、硼氮共渗、软氮化、退火、调质、中、高频表面淬火、超音频表面淬火、化学表面热处理，气相沈积氮化钛等。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。