渗流的

With the new model and the program, steady seepage field in work period, free surface position variable law with time at upper reaches in unsteady seepage period and seepage field variable law on the condition of different seepage coefficient and water decrease speed are stimulated.

利用建立的模型和编制的程序能模拟正常运行期的稳定渗流场、非稳定渗流期上游水位变化时自由面位置随时间的变化规律以及不同的水位下降速度时渗流场的变化规律。

The emphases of this thesis are put on the computation methods of seepage in dike, the applicable conditions of seepage control measures (including vertical cutoff wall, overburden soil layer at landside of dike, relief well, and so on), and optimal design of these seepage control measures.

本文重点在于研究堤防渗流计算方法，探讨垂直防渗墙、盖重压渗和减压井等渗流控制措施的适用条件，以及这些渗控措施的优化设计。

Conditions of the seepage and stress is a dynamic process, and also shows its interaction and interdependence. Owing to the closure of the fracture, the hydraulic gradient and the permeability pressure of the fracture turn large, and also promote the expansion of water cracks, and fissures connectivity increasing. The increase of the crack opening width will result in the increase of the infiltration capacity and seepage flow, and the reduction of seepage pressure. Because of the dynamic dependence of the fracture aperture, pressure and seepage, under certain conditions, changes in fracture aperture can lead to the formation of local water-passage, and the local emission of high pressure water, and thus promotes the formation of the sudden outgush disasters.

结果表明：洞室开挖完成后，在围岩渗流与应力耦合作用下，围岩中裂隙隙宽、裂隙中水压及其渗透流量的变化是一个动态过程，且相互作用与相互依赖；裂隙的闭合使得结构面水力梯度变大，作用在裂缝上的渗透压力增大，促进导水裂缝扩展，裂隙连通性增加；裂缝张开度增大，渗透能力增强，渗流量增大，其渗流压力相应降低；由于围岩中裂隙隙宽、压力和渗流量的动态依赖性，在一定条件下，裂隙隙宽的改变可导致局部水力通道的形成，高压水头从局部涌出，从而促进突水灾害的形成。

Actually,there are some problems to be improved in Joshi's formula.3-D analytical productivity equation of horizontal well in infinite-acting reservoir with sealed boundary is derived.

对Joshi公式中垂直方向渗流阻力分母上少π的问题、偏心距的处理问题以及简化的二维渗流场与三维渗流场之间的差异问题进行了研究。

For the problem of Joshi's formula without π in the denominator of vertical seepage resistance term and the treatment of eccentricity as well as the differences between 2-D and 3-D seepage flow field, corresponding improvement method was proposed.

推导出了上下封闭边界中无限大油藏水平井的三维稳态产能解析公式，针对Joshi公式中垂直方向渗流阻力分母上少π的问题，偏心距的处理问题以及简化的二维渗流场与三维渗流场之间的差异问题进行了研究，并提出相应的改进方法。

Disaster of embanks often happen under flood and rainfalls. In order to analyze the influences of water level variation and rainfall on the distribution of seepage and embankment's stability, in this paper, the change of seepage field under the condition of different water level or rainfall is studied based on the saturated-unsaturated seepage theory. And the safety factor of embankment's stability is calculated based on the theory of unsatutated-soil shear stress to search for the action of various factors.

堤防岸坡在洪水及降雨的影响下常常发生险情，为了分析江水位变化和降雨条件下，非饱和土体中渗流场的变化情况及其对抗滑稳定性的影响，本文运用饱和—非饱和渗流理论对不同条件下渗流场变化进行模拟，并从非饱和土抗剪强度理论出发，对抗滑稳定性进行计算，探求各种因素对其的不同影响。

Secondly, the preliminary models of grouting and drainage curtains, and the boundary pre-adjustment method are presented to further perfect the network seepage flow analysis method of rock masses. Then they are applied to the network seepage flow analysis of the Xiaowan high arch dam abutment and rock foundation in various cases.

其次，提出了工程中防渗帷幕和排水孔幕的数值模拟方法，以及岩体网络渗流分析的边界预调整法，进一步完善了工程岩体的渗流分析方法，并将其应用于小湾高拱坝多种工况下的坝肩和坝基岩体网络渗流分析。

In addition, the author has deduced groundwater seepageequation of roadbed of setting different egis slope, and analysed the height of soakage line inside of roadbed of setting different egis slope. It is concluded that no matter what roadbed is in steady seepage or unsteady seepage, it is more avail to drain of roadbed using better penetration materials (such as no-fines concrete etc) than using weak penetration material s.

另外，推导了设置护坡的路基的地下水渗流方程，分析了设置不同护坡时路基中的浸润线高度及其变化，认为无论路基处于稳定渗流还是非稳定渗流，用强透水材料作护坡比弱透水材料作护坡对路基地下水的排出更为有利。

Based on groundwater dynamics in porous media, seepage state about solution in leaching heap was analyzed, and its criterion and the basic relation between flow velocity and water head gradient in each state were put forward.

摘 要：在多孔介质地下水动力学的基础上，分析溶浸液在浸堆内的渗流状态，并提出渗流状态判据、各自状态下的渗流速度与水力梯度基本关系式。

The procedure is not only used in the stable seepage field of earth rock-fill dam but also used in the stable seepage field of other dams such as concrete dam in order to provide the reference for solveing the seepage problem.

本文的研究成果不仅可以应用于计算土石坝的稳定渗流场，也可以应用到其它坝比如混凝土坝的稳定渗流场的分析，为解决渗流问题提供参考。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。