渗流的

In the explore in water seepage mechanism of highway engineering, at the foundation of author's and other people's research, the author study the groundwater seepage and infiltration of rain and water with the groundwater dynamics, the rock mechanics ,the soil mechanics, the hydrologic geology, the engineering geology, the agrology. With the research result of the water seepage mechanism of highway, the author also study the principle design of waterproof, drainage and water environmental protection. The author's work is as follows:(1) The water circulation, the groundwater type and conversion, the equilibrium and circulation in soil water are introduced and studied; The seepage characteristics of rock and soil in response to stress are analyzed and studied.

作为在"公路工程地质环境中水渗流机制问题研究"中的探索研究，在本人科研和前人研究工作的基础上，以地下水动力学、岩土力学、水文地质学、工程地质学、土壤学为基础，研究公路工程建设对地下水渗流和雨水入渗的影响，以及公路防排水和水环境保护设计的原则方法，具体开展了如下研究工作：(1)首先对水循环、地下水类型及转化、土壤水平衡与循环进行了研究和介绍；分析研究了应力对岩土体渗流特性产生影响的机理。

The article analyzes the experiment results of gas percolating in low permeable medium with irreducible water, and gets its percolation law and features, that appear on the relational chart of percolation velocity vs. pressure gradient as a nonlinear percolation curve which changes continuously from a concave curve under low pressure gradient to a straight line under high pressure gradient.

文章分析了在含束缚水条件下低渗透岩石介质气体渗流实验结果，得到了其渗流规律及特征，即在气体渗流速度与压力梯度的关系图上表现为从较低压力梯度下的凹形曲线至较高压力梯度下的直线连续变化的非线性渗流曲线。

Method\ Percolation of multiple-hole horizontal well is exchanged to radial percolation by applying conformal transformation theory and local percolation restriction .

应用保角变换原理和局部渗流阻力的概念，将多分枝水平井渗流问题转变为平面径向渗流问题，从而简化了求解过程。

Theequivalence percolation resistance law is accurate enough to be used in productivitycalculation of horizontal well pattern.(3) Productivity of mixed well pattern of horizontalwell or multilateral horizontal well and vertical well is constructed and formulae are simpleenough to be used in the oilfield. The patterns include 5-spot pattern,7-spot pattern and9-spot pattern.(4) Productivity formula of united rectangular well pattern of horizontaland vertical wells is constructed. By this formula, the calculation results show that fora horizontal well length, there is a shape factor at which the productivity of the patternis biggest. So optimum method of the well pattern is proposed.(5) A new concept ofdimensionless length of horizontal well is advanced and the relationship of optimum shapefactor of the rectangular well pattern against dimensionless length of horizontal well ispresented. The influences of length of the horizontal well, area of the well pattern unitand the thickness of reservior are concerned.

利用该公式计算表明：当水平井长度一定时，存在一个最优井网形状，使得水平井的产能最大，在此基础上提出了水平井井网的优化方法；(5)提出了水平井无因次长度的概念，给出了联合井网最优井网形状因子与水平井无因次长度的关系式，并对水平井长度、油层厚度及井网面积对产能的影响进行了分析；(6)推导出了一无限水平井井排在XY 平面内势的解析解，为不同水平井整体开发井网或水平井和直井井网整体开发渗流理论的研究奠定了理论基础；(7)建立了交错式水平井与直井整体开发渗流理论，给出了拟三维条件下井网产能的精确解析解及该井网最优井网形状因子与水平井无因次长度的关系，并对产能的影响因素进行了分析；(8)建立了水平井与水平井正排列井网、交错排列井网条件下渗流理论及井网产能在拟三维条件下的精确解析解，给出了交错井网条件下最优井网形状因子与水平井无因次长度的关系，通过与正方形井网对比，说明优化井网可大幅度提高开采效果；(9)建立了分支水平井和直井面积井网水油两相非活塞驱替条件下渗流问题的解析解，给出了见水前后无因次产量与无因次时间的关系式以及见水时间等。

According to the seepage equation of the groundwater and using the finite element method, this thesis establishes the mathematics model for two and three dimensional seepage.

采用有限元理论，以地下水渗流方程为基础，针对基坑降水建立了地下水的二维和三维渗流数学模型，完善了深基坑降水渗流计算方法。对某一假定的深基坑降水工程分别进行二维和三维渗流数值模拟。

For these reasons,the following study work has been finished in this paper.(1)Basic equation of saturated-unsaturated seepage is built based on seepage continuity and motion Equations,which take saturation zone and unsaturation zone into account together and avoid difficult problems of traditional numerical solution,such as solution of free surface of seepage etc.

对此，本文主要完成了以下研究工作：(1)从渗流连续性方程和渗流运动方程出发，阐述了饱和—非饱和流统一的渗流基本方程，将饱和区和非饱和区统一来考虑就避免了求解渗流自由面等传统的数值求解的棘手问题。

Generally, percolation in low permeability reservoirs does not follow Darcy's law. On the contrary, percolation characters are the existence of threshold pressure gradients, a non-linear percolation segment and a linear percolation segment which does not go though the origin.

一般认为，低渗油藏渗流过程中不遵循达西定律，表现为：存在启动压力梯度；存在非线性渗流段；有一条不通过原点的线性渗流段。

The expression for the relation between the pseudo pressure and the pressure of real gas is obtained and then applied to analyze the inflow performance relationship of gas wells.

为了更准确地描述压敏油藏真实气体渗流特性，通过引入广义拟压力函数来表征压敏油藏气体的渗流过程，使气体渗流扩散方程与单相微可压缩液体渗流扩散方程有相同的形式。

The effects of gas-liquid ratio, oil saturation and permeability on nitrogen foam flow law in porous media were studied systemly. Oil saturation is the main influential factor of foam's fluidity, and just for this, the aggravation of formation heterogeneity has little effect on the effect of the profile control, foam's flow law is decided by remaining oil distribution.

系统研究了气液比、含油饱和度、渗透率对氮气泡沫渗流规律的影响，结果表明，含油饱和度是影响氮气泡沫渗流阻力的最主要因素，泡沫渗流阻力随着含油饱和度的升高而降低，剩余油分布规律决定了调驱过程中氮气泡沫的渗流规律，受此影响，地层非均质性的增加对泡沫调剖效果的影响较小。

Through combining the three moisture movements of leachate seepage in drainage layer, leackage through liner and pipe flow in perforated drainpipes, a leachate hydrological mechanics model is established. This thesis analyses related parameters of LCS according to model results and offers a practical calculation method for landfill LCS design.

在考虑渗滤液在排水层中的渗流，渗滤液通过防渗衬垫的渗漏以及渗滤液在穿孔排水管中的管道流的基础上，建立了渗滤液水动力学模型，根据模型分析结果对渗滤液收集系统相关参数进行了分析，提出了适宜于填埋场渗滤液收集系统设计的计算方法。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。