渗流

The binomial deliverability equation can only be used to describe the high velocity non-Darcy filtering flow. For low permeability fracturing gas wells, due to low permeable property and high flow conductivity of the formation, the filtering flow laws of the formation are different from those before fracturing, and binomial deliverability equation can not be used for the flow condition of gas wells, therefore, new equation is needed.

二项式产能方程只能描述高速非达西渗流，对于低渗压裂气井，地层的低渗透性和裂缝的高导流能力使得其渗流规律已经和压裂前大不一样，二项式产能方程已无法描述气井的生产状况，必须建立新的方程。

The emphases of this thesis are put on the computation methods of seepage in dike, the applicable conditions of seepage control measures (including vertical cutoff wall, overburden soil layer at landside of dike, relief well, and so on), and optimal design of these seepage control measures.

本文重点在于研究堤防渗流计算方法，探讨垂直防渗墙、盖重压渗和减压井等渗流控制措施的适用条件，以及这些渗控措施的优化设计。

Conditions of the seepage and stress is a dynamic process, and also shows its interaction and interdependence. Owing to the closure of the fracture, the hydraulic gradient and the permeability pressure of the fracture turn large, and also promote the expansion of water cracks, and fissures connectivity increasing. The increase of the crack opening width will result in the increase of the infiltration capacity and seepage flow, and the reduction of seepage pressure. Because of the dynamic dependence of the fracture aperture, pressure and seepage, under certain conditions, changes in fracture aperture can lead to the formation of local water-passage, and the local emission of high pressure water, and thus promotes the formation of the sudden outgush disasters.

结果表明：洞室开挖完成后，在围岩渗流与应力耦合作用下，围岩中裂隙隙宽、裂隙中水压及其渗透流量的变化是一个动态过程，且相互作用与相互依赖；裂隙的闭合使得结构面水力梯度变大，作用在裂缝上的渗透压力增大，促进导水裂缝扩展，裂隙连通性增加；裂缝张开度增大，渗透能力增强，渗流量增大，其渗流压力相应降低；由于围岩中裂隙隙宽、压力和渗流量的动态依赖性，在一定条件下，裂隙隙宽的改变可导致局部水力通道的形成，高压水头从局部涌出，从而促进突水灾害的形成。

It points out that it must use unsaturated soil theory to consider the stabilization of construction established on loess and dilative soil subgrade. It uses single-phase flow theory and neglects the effect of porous air to describe the flow in unsaturated soil. The saturation of water and pore water pressure are taken as state variables, the effective stress and water flow velocity are expressed using these variables.

对于非饱和渗流孔隙水压力-位移耦合分析问题，本文采用单相流理论，忽略孔隙气压力的变化及其对土体变形的影响，以孔隙水饱和度和孔隙水压力作为状态变量，给出了非饱和土的应力状态表达式、渗流特性，建立了非饱和流孔隙水压力-位移耦合分析的有限元程式。

Because capillary pressure changes with water saturation, the change of mobile water saturation will cause the change of filtrational resistance, which is another cause of non-Darcy gas flow.

由于毛细管力将会随含水饱和度发生变化，因此可动水饱和度的变化会引起渗流阻力发生改变，而渗流阻力的变化也是气体产生非达西渗流的原因。

In addition, the author has deduced groundwater seepageequation of roadbed of setting different egis slope, and analysed the height of soakage line inside of roadbed of setting different egis slope. It is concluded that no matter what roadbed is in steady seepage or unsteady seepage, it is more avail to drain of roadbed using better penetration materials (such as no-fines concrete etc) than using weak penetration material s.

另外，推导了设置护坡的路基的地下水渗流方程，分析了设置不同护坡时路基中的浸润线高度及其变化，认为无论路基处于稳定渗流还是非稳定渗流，用强透水材料作护坡比弱透水材料作护坡对路基地下水的排出更为有利。

Based on groundwater dynamics in porous media, seepage state about solution in leaching heap was analyzed, and its criterion and the basic relation between flow velocity and water head gradient in each state were put forward.

摘 要：在多孔介质地下水动力学的基础上，分析溶浸液在浸堆内的渗流状态，并提出渗流状态判据、各自状态下的渗流速度与水力梯度基本关系式。

In this paper, an idea is presented about a larger pressure of percolation flow existed in a part of rock by a high-pressure jet, and the pressure has great effect on the rock fragmentation with jet. A model of calculating the pressure is established.

本文提出了射流作用下岩石局部范围具有较高渗流压力的思想，并认为该渗流压力大小对射流破岩有重要影响，建立了该渗流压力的计算模型。

The results from the study show that when saturated sand soil was librated, sand grain will slide and rearrange each other, pore ratio reduce, excess hydrostatic pressure produce and continually increase.

研究结果表明，饱和砂土受振，砂粒相对滑动并重新排列，孔隙率降低，孔隙水受压产生超静孔水压力并不断增大，部分孔隙水挤出渗流，隙水渗流对砂粒产生渗流压力。

The procedure is not only used in the stable seepage field of earth rock-fill dam but also used in the stable seepage field of other dams such as concrete dam in order to provide the reference for solveing the seepage problem.

本文的研究成果不仅可以应用于计算土石坝的稳定渗流场，也可以应用到其它坝比如混凝土坝的稳定渗流场的分析，为解决渗流问题提供参考。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。