渗流

In the explore in water seepage mechanism of highway engineering, at the foundation of author's and other people's research, the author study the groundwater seepage and infiltration of rain and water with the groundwater dynamics, the rock mechanics ,the soil mechanics, the hydrologic geology, the engineering geology, the agrology. With the research result of the water seepage mechanism of highway, the author also study the principle design of waterproof, drainage and water environmental protection. The author's work is as follows:(1) The water circulation, the groundwater type and conversion, the equilibrium and circulation in soil water are introduced and studied; The seepage characteristics of rock and soil in response to stress are analyzed and studied.

作为在"公路工程地质环境中水渗流机制问题研究"中的探索研究，在本人科研和前人研究工作的基础上，以地下水动力学、岩土力学、水文地质学、工程地质学、土壤学为基础，研究公路工程建设对地下水渗流和雨水入渗的影响，以及公路防排水和水环境保护设计的原则方法，具体开展了如下研究工作：(1)首先对水循环、地下水类型及转化、土壤水平衡与循环进行了研究和介绍；分析研究了应力对岩土体渗流特性产生影响的机理。

The implicit TDMA algorithm and first kind of firstorder upwind difference were employed to solve the conservation equation associated with appropriate boundary conditions.

通过分析离心力场作用下铝熔液在Al2O3短纤维多孔介质内的渗流传热现象，考虑离心惯性力对渗流传热过程的影响，建立了多孔介质渗流传热模型。

After achieving the solution of the mathematical model,a binomial productivity equation of gas-water well with two-phase flow in formation was derived in consideration of the influence of formation damage and non-Darcy effect,thus establishing the theory of transient inflow performance relationship curve of gas-water well.

文章基于质量守恒原理，建立了气水两相地层瞬态渗流的数学模型，通过定义气水两相拟压力函数，将渗流数学模型线性化，在获得数学模型解后，考虑地层损害和非达西效应的影响，推导出在地层中为水气两相渗流的气水同产井的二项式产能方程，从而建立了气水同产井瞬态流入动态关系曲线的理论。

The main objective of this dissertation was to develop methodologies with capability of engineering application for simulating flow in fractured rock using discontinuum models. The study work includes three parts. In the first part, numerical methodology of three-dimensional discrete fracture network model casing on hybrid BEM-channel was presented, and the technique for improve the model's computing efficiency was also studied. Firstly in this part, computer simulation methodology based on the Baechermodel for generating network of discrete fractures was presented, which includes the follow details: probability distributions of fracture density,orientation, trace length, size, and aperture and estimation of their statistical parameters; stochastic models of fracture network; Monte-Carlo's simulation method; numerical simulation procedure and technicality.

给出了离散裂隙网络模型所依据的基本假定；发展了基于Baecher模型的离散裂隙网络计算机随机生成技术：详细地推导了单裂隙渗流和多裂隙相交网络渗流的边界单元法公式，发展了离散裂隙网络中稳态渗流的边界元数值技术，并且讨论了相关的具体数值技术细节，如角点的处理方法，单元的自动剖分等：描述了混合边界元—管流模拟方法及其数值实现；研究了裂隙网络的简化方法，并针对裂隙网络边界元法的特点提出了一种改进的分块三角分解法。

The primary contents are as follows:(1) Based on the fundamental seepage physical equation, the basic differential equation of saturated-unsaturated seepage in porous mediums has been deduced, in which the pressure head is the fundamental unknown quantity.

总体说来，本文主要从以下几个方面开展了研究：(1)由基本渗流物理方程出发，以压力水头为基本未知量推导多孔介质三维饱和—非饱和渗流微分方程，在此基础上分析了边坡在有降雨入渗条件下渗流的定解条件和计算模型。

M and RCC concrete below the elevation and with an upstream conventional concrete slab structure for impermeabilization,the authors develop an inhomogeneous multi laminate media element model for seepage analysis of RCC dams based on the research of the numerical procedure of nodal virtual flux and the technique of draining substructure for drainage holes.

基于长江三峡大坝碾压混凝土方案左厂房 12号坝段上部为常态混凝土、下部为上下游面均设有常态混凝土的防渗结构型式的碾压混凝土坝的特点，借助于渗流场求解的结点虚流量法及排水子结构技术，并提出&排水孔开关器&的概念和渗流非均质成层材料单元模型，对坝中设计时存在的主要渗流疑虑问题、大坝的防渗与排水设施渗控方案的特性进行了数值分析研究。

Under experimental results of wax deposition and phase change, the mechanical characteristics of fluids flowing through porous media and the relevant physicochemical problem were all summed up as solving the gas-liquid-solid coupling mathematical model. After considering the phase change action between condensate gas and condensate liquid, wax deposition interlarded with interfacial drag force and capillary pressure engendered in the process of phase change. Numerical simulation results proved that the flow resistance increased and the production output decreased owing to wax deposition.

在蜡沉积变相态渗流实验和渗流数学模型的研究基础上，引入蜡沉积数学模型、考虑毛管力和表面张力的相对渗透率模型等，建立了相应的多孔介质中气－液－固变相态多相流－固耦合渗流数学模型，数值模拟结果表明，蜡沉积可使都分区域孔隙减少，流动阻力增大，不考虑蜡沉积会对产量预测明显偏大，蜡沉积可使产量下降。

The method of finite element discrete and optimal parameter back analysis is adopted.(3) Concentrated on the question of high external water pressure of the deep-lying tunnel, the basic theory and method calculating external water pressure are systematically studied.(4) Based on Jinping cascade 2 hydropower station, numerical simulation rain infiltration of seepage field under different drainage pattern and grouting pattern are studied, also, the high external water pressure is analyzed and studied and some seepage control measures are put forward.

2采用有限元离散—优化法进行参数的反演分析；(3)针对深埋隧洞的高外水压力问题，进一步分析和研究了衬砌水荷载及外水压力的作用机理和计算方法；(4)以锦屏二级水电站深埋长引水隧洞作为本文的主要研究对象，采用考虑降雨入渗渗流场分析的方法对排水方案和灌浆封堵方案不同情况下的渗流场的水头分布进行了数值模拟，并对其外水压力进行了分析和研究，提出了渗流控制的具体措施。

As to multi-layer reservoirs,each layer can be divided into three areas:area of gravel-packing,area of perforation and area of radial flow.Each area has its own governing equaiton and the solution is expressed by Green function.The well bore pressure and layer-rate is given through Green function in Laplace space.The pressure drop and skin factor isobtained also in each area.

根据多层砾石充填完井的渗流特点，将每个产层在径向上分成3个区域，即砾石充填区、射孔区、地层径向流区，每个区域有各自的渗流方程，对n层油藏有3n个渗流方程，将每个区域的方程用Green函数来表示，由各层的Green函数得到井筒混合压力、分层压力及分层产量在Laplace空间上的解，最后得到每层各区域的压力损失、表皮系数以及井底压力和分层产量与时间的变化关系。

Generally, percolation in low permeability reservoirs does not follow Darcy's law. On the contrary, percolation characters are the existence of threshold pressure gradients, a non-linear percolation segment and a linear percolation segment which does not go though the origin.

一般认为，低渗油藏渗流过程中不遵循达西定律，表现为：存在启动压力梯度；存在非线性渗流段；有一条不通过原点的线性渗流段。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。