渗流

The article analyzes the experiment results of gas percolating in low permeable medium with irreducible water, and gets its percolation law and features, that appear on the relational chart of percolation velocity vs. pressure gradient as a nonlinear percolation curve which changes continuously from a concave curve under low pressure gradient to a straight line under high pressure gradient.

文章分析了在含束缚水条件下低渗透岩石介质气体渗流实验结果，得到了其渗流规律及特征，即在气体渗流速度与压力梯度的关系图上表现为从较低压力梯度下的凹形曲线至较高压力梯度下的直线连续变化的非线性渗流曲线。

Theequivalence percolation resistance law is accurate enough to be used in productivitycalculation of horizontal well pattern.(3) Productivity of mixed well pattern of horizontalwell or multilateral horizontal well and vertical well is constructed and formulae are simpleenough to be used in the oilfield. The patterns include 5-spot pattern,7-spot pattern and9-spot pattern.(4) Productivity formula of united rectangular well pattern of horizontaland vertical wells is constructed. By this formula, the calculation results show that fora horizontal well length, there is a shape factor at which the productivity of the patternis biggest. So optimum method of the well pattern is proposed.(5) A new concept ofdimensionless length of horizontal well is advanced and the relationship of optimum shapefactor of the rectangular well pattern against dimensionless length of horizontal well ispresented. The influences of length of the horizontal well, area of the well pattern unitand the thickness of reservior are concerned.

利用该公式计算表明：当水平井长度一定时，存在一个最优井网形状，使得水平井的产能最大，在此基础上提出了水平井井网的优化方法；(5)提出了水平井无因次长度的概念，给出了联合井网最优井网形状因子与水平井无因次长度的关系式，并对水平井长度、油层厚度及井网面积对产能的影响进行了分析；(6)推导出了一无限水平井井排在XY 平面内势的解析解，为不同水平井整体开发井网或水平井和直井井网整体开发渗流理论的研究奠定了理论基础；(7)建立了交错式水平井与直井整体开发渗流理论，给出了拟三维条件下井网产能的精确解析解及该井网最优井网形状因子与水平井无因次长度的关系，并对产能的影响因素进行了分析；(8)建立了水平井与水平井正排列井网、交错排列井网条件下渗流理论及井网产能在拟三维条件下的精确解析解，给出了交错井网条件下最优井网形状因子与水平井无因次长度的关系，通过与正方形井网对比，说明优化井网可大幅度提高开采效果；(9)建立了分支水平井和直井面积井网水油两相非活塞驱替条件下渗流问题的解析解，给出了见水前后无因次产量与无因次时间的关系式以及见水时间等。

According to the seepage equation of the groundwater and using the finite element method, this thesis establishes the mathematics model for two and three dimensional seepage.

采用有限元理论，以地下水渗流方程为基础，针对基坑降水建立了地下水的二维和三维渗流数学模型，完善了深基坑降水渗流计算方法。对某一假定的深基坑降水工程分别进行二维和三维渗流数值模拟。

For these reasons,the following study work has been finished in this paper.(1)Basic equation of saturated-unsaturated seepage is built based on seepage continuity and motion Equations,which take saturation zone and unsaturation zone into account together and avoid difficult problems of traditional numerical solution,such as solution of free surface of seepage etc.

对此，本文主要完成了以下研究工作：(1)从渗流连续性方程和渗流运动方程出发，阐述了饱和—非饱和流统一的渗流基本方程，将饱和区和非饱和区统一来考虑就避免了求解渗流自由面等传统的数值求解的棘手问题。

Because the roadbed is in the condition of stable seepage in the normal highway construction and service, the formula of level and discharge of cut, tunnel and drainage structure in condition of confined water and dive are deduced on the saturated seepage theory.

4由于在公路建设和运行中，绝大多数时间路基是处于稳定渗流的情况，根据饱和渗流理论，推导建立了在潜水和承压水条件下路堑结构、隧道结构和排水设施在稳定渗流情况下的水位和流量计算理论公式；按地下水类型、公路结构型式、排水设施型式、是否进行衬砌或支护、组合方式和布置方案构建了公路工程地下水稳定渗流模型。

Because the roadbed is in the condition of stable seepage in the normal highway construction and service, the formula of level and discharge of cut, tunnel and drainage structure in condition of confined water and dive are deduced on the saturated seepage theory. The stability groundwater seepage model of highway engineering is established according to groundwater type, highway structure pattern, drain facilities pattern, whether carried on lining or timbering, combined pattern and layout.

4由于在公路建设和运行中，绝大多数时间路基是处于稳定渗流的情况，根据饱和渗流理论，推导建立了在潜水和承压水条件下路堑结构、隧道结构和排水设施在稳定渗流情况下的水位和流量计算理论公式；按地下水类型、公路结构型式、排水设施型式、是否进行衬砌或支护、组合方式和布置方案构建了公路工程地下水稳定渗流模型。

The expression for the relation between the pseudo pressure and the pressure of real gas is obtained and then applied to analyze the inflow performance relationship of gas wells.

为了更准确地描述压敏油藏真实气体渗流特性，通过引入广义拟压力函数来表征压敏油藏气体的渗流过程，使气体渗流扩散方程与单相微可压缩液体渗流扩散方程有相同的形式。

Under this condition, a lot of new influence factors appear, the superficial model of coalbed methane is no longer suitable, so we set up the coalbed methane seepage model considered slip effect and porosity pressure, set up the coalbed methane seepage model considered coupling of slip effect and temperature field, set up the coalbed methane seepage model considered coupling of the slip effect and two phase of water - gas in this paper.

而进入深部开采后出现了许多新的影响因素使得原有的浅部煤层气渗流模型不再适用，因此本文建立了考虑滑脱效应及孔隙压力的煤层气渗流模型，建立了考虑滑脱效应及温度场耦合的煤层气渗流的数学模型，建立了考虑滑脱效应的水气耦合煤层气渗流数学模型。

The effects of gas-liquid ratio, oil saturation and permeability on nitrogen foam flow law in porous media were studied systemly. Oil saturation is the main influential factor of foam's fluidity, and just for this, the aggravation of formation heterogeneity has little effect on the effect of the profile control, foam's flow law is decided by remaining oil distribution.

系统研究了气液比、含油饱和度、渗透率对氮气泡沫渗流规律的影响，结果表明，含油饱和度是影响氮气泡沫渗流阻力的最主要因素，泡沫渗流阻力随着含油饱和度的升高而降低，剩余油分布规律决定了调驱过程中氮气泡沫的渗流规律，受此影响，地层非均质性的增加对泡沫调剖效果的影响较小。

Through combining the three moisture movements of leachate seepage in drainage layer, leackage through liner and pipe flow in perforated drainpipes, a leachate hydrological mechanics model is established. This thesis analyses related parameters of LCS according to model results and offers a practical calculation method for landfill LCS design.

在考虑渗滤液在排水层中的渗流，渗滤液通过防渗衬垫的渗漏以及渗滤液在穿孔排水管中的管道流的基础上，建立了渗滤液水动力学模型，根据模型分析结果对渗滤液收集系统相关参数进行了分析，提出了适宜于填埋场渗滤液收集系统设计的计算方法。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。