渗压力

After achieving the solution of the mathematical model,a binomial productivity equation of gas-water well with two-phase flow in formation was derived in consideration of the influence of formation damage and non-Darcy effect,thus establishing the theory of transient inflow performance relationship curve of gas-water well.

文章基于质量守恒原理，建立了气水两相地层瞬态渗流的数学模型，通过定义气水两相拟压力函数，将渗流数学模型线性化，在获得数学模型解后，考虑地层损害和非达西效应的影响，推导出在地层中为水气两相渗流的气水同产井的二项式产能方程，从而建立了气水同产井瞬态流入动态关系曲线的理论。

The primary contents are as follows:(1) Based on the fundamental seepage physical equation, the basic differential equation of saturated-unsaturated seepage in porous mediums has been deduced, in which the pressure head is the fundamental unknown quantity.

总体说来，本文主要从以下几个方面开展了研究：(1)由基本渗流物理方程出发，以压力水头为基本未知量推导多孔介质三维饱和—非饱和渗流微分方程，在此基础上分析了边坡在有降雨入渗条件下渗流的定解条件和计算模型。

Second, transient flow for vertical well and fractural well in porous media with arealanisotropy has been researched in this paper. The analytic solution for vertical well andsemi-analytic solution for vertical fractural well is developed by using image inversion,superposition principle, Laplace transformation, Fourier transformation, as well as theirinverse transforms, and storage and skin are taken into account. For vertical fractural well,influence of pressure and productivity is studied when the orientation of artificial fractureisn't in accordance with the direction of major permeability, it is fundamental to evaluatepotential and analyze well test data.

文中研究了平面各向异性储层不定常渗流问题，建立了平面各向异性储层交叉直线边界中一口直井渗流的数学模型，利用镜像反演、Laplace变换、Fouier变换及其反变换推导了不同边界条件下直井的Laplace空间解析解，考虑井储和表皮的影响，分析了曲线特征及影响因素的敏感性曲线；并运用影响椭圆及Duhamel叠加原理，推导了平面各向异性储层中垂直裂缝井的压力分布方程，考虑了水力裂缝与主渗透率轴成一定角度对压力及产能的影响，为垂直裂缝井的产能评价及试井分析提供依据。

Finally, the effect of seepage is discussed, which can significantly influence the earth pressure in some cases.

分析了地下水的渗流对作用在支护结构上的土压力的影响，研究表明渗流作用对土压力的影响是明显的。

At the super-low permeable reservior sandstone of Fu and Yang in Daqing Oilfield, many pore throats exist a lot in the types of compacted and restored flakes and curved lamellas while the pore volume of micropore and the thin, compacted and shrunken throat that contribute little to flow take large scale in the total pore space. Thereof high filtrational resistance is caused by much trouble including high content of reservoir shale, serious sensibility to pressure at waterflooding, remarkable effects of undersaturation and water blocks in micropore. A method with laboratory experiment, theoretical confirmation and field application included was adopted to analyze the non-linear flow characteristics, to reveal the deep mechanism of pinhole enveloping macropore and to provide a new technology of improving the development effect. The outcomes aquired are as follows: Multiple cores with different low and super-low permeability were selected to perform seepage experiments by gas, water and oil. Three fields of flow were observed in the reservoir at different low and super-low core permeability. They are pseudo- elastic flow, transition flow and plastic creep flow. So the concept that there was no correlation of rocky absolute permeability with fluid properties that pasted itself was broken up. Two-phase seepage of water displacing oil in uniform super-low permeability shows that the two-phase seepage zone is narrow.

针对大庆油田扶、杨特低渗透油层砂岩孔隙喉道的大小和形态以压实再生型片状、弯片状喉道分布较广，压实、缩小型细喉道型，微孔不可流动的孔隙体积所占总孔隙体积的比例较大的特点；及储层泥质含量高，注水开发中压力敏感性强、微孔隙欠饱和及水锁效应显著，导致流体渗流阻力增大的问题，本文采用室内实验、理论推证和矿场应用相结合的方法，研究、分析了流体非线性渗流特征，更深刻地揭示出小孔包围大孔的机理及产生原因，并提供了改善开发效果的新的技术方法，取得如下成果：选择不同渗透率的低渗透、特低渗透岩心，进行了气、水和油单相渗流实验，揭示出当岩心渗透率不同时，油层内的流体呈现出拟弹性流变、过渡流变、塑性蠕变三种流变区，从而打破了岩心的绝对渗透率与通过岩心流体性质无关的观点；同类特低渗透岩心的水驱油两相渗流实验表明，两相渗流区较窄。

First of all, this paper derives pressure expressions of stable state about vertical well inanisotropic media with various boundary. Based on this, Formulae of pressure distributionfor five-spot pattern and nine-spot pattern have been established, the characters of isobariccontours and streamline are analyzed, and this equips optimum of well pattern with theoreticfoundation.

首先利用坐标转换及镜像反演理论，推导了单一直井直线边界、平行直线边界的定常渗流的压力分布公式，在此基础上研究了五点法井网、九点法井网定常渗流问题，推导了压力分布方程，分析了等势线及流线的特点，为各向异性储层井网优化提供了理论基础。

Generally, percolation in low permeability reservoirs does not follow Darcy's law. On the contrary, percolation characters are the existence of threshold pressure gradients, a non-linear percolation segment and a linear percolation segment which does not go though the origin.

一般认为，低渗油藏渗流过程中不遵循达西定律，表现为：存在启动压力梯度；存在非线性渗流段；有一条不通过原点的线性渗流段。

The expression for the relation between the pseudo pressure and the pressure of real gas is obtained and then applied to analyze the inflow performance relationship of gas wells.

为了更准确地描述压敏油藏真实气体渗流特性，通过引入广义拟压力函数来表征压敏油藏气体的渗流过程，使气体渗流扩散方程与单相微可压缩液体渗流扩散方程有相同的形式。

The hydraulic splitting safety factor of pressure tunnel under inclined ground is proposed firstly.

研究了不衬砌水工压力隧洞在运行期间的水力劈裂情况、渗流场分布和内水外渗情况，首次提出陡倾地表下不衬砌压力隧洞与裂纹几何特性、力学特性和岩石断裂韧度高度相关的水力劈裂系数的概念。

Under this condition, a lot of new influence factors appear, the superficial model of coalbed methane is no longer suitable, so we set up the coalbed methane seepage model considered slip effect and porosity pressure, set up the coalbed methane seepage model considered coupling of slip effect and temperature field, set up the coalbed methane seepage model considered coupling of the slip effect and two phase of water - gas in this paper.

而进入深部开采后出现了许多新的影响因素使得原有的浅部煤层气渗流模型不再适用，因此本文建立了考虑滑脱效应及孔隙压力的煤层气渗流模型，建立了考虑滑脱效应及温度场耦合的煤层气渗流的数学模型，建立了考虑滑脱效应的水气耦合煤层气渗流数学模型。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。