渗压力

The article analyzes the experiment results of gas percolating in low permeable medium with irreducible water, and gets its percolation law and features, that appear on the relational chart of percolation velocity vs. pressure gradient as a nonlinear percolation curve which changes continuously from a concave curve under low pressure gradient to a straight line under high pressure gradient.

文章分析了在含束缚水条件下低渗透岩石介质气体渗流实验结果，得到了其渗流规律及特征，即在气体渗流速度与压力梯度的关系图上表现为从较低压力梯度下的凹形曲线至较高压力梯度下的直线连续变化的非线性渗流曲线。

Test results show that the properties such as impermeability, self-rehabilitating ability and corrosion resistance are superior to those of the counterparts.

结果表明：PT防水涂料的抗渗压力、自愈合性能及耐腐蚀等性能指标均达到或已超过上述两种防水材料的性能指标。

Conditions of the seepage and stress is a dynamic process, and also shows its interaction and interdependence. Owing to the closure of the fracture, the hydraulic gradient and the permeability pressure of the fracture turn large, and also promote the expansion of water cracks, and fissures connectivity increasing. The increase of the crack opening width will result in the increase of the infiltration capacity and seepage flow, and the reduction of seepage pressure. Because of the dynamic dependence of the fracture aperture, pressure and seepage, under certain conditions, changes in fracture aperture can lead to the formation of local water-passage, and the local emission of high pressure water, and thus promotes the formation of the sudden outgush disasters.

结果表明：洞室开挖完成后，在围岩渗流与应力耦合作用下，围岩中裂隙隙宽、裂隙中水压及其渗透流量的变化是一个动态过程，且相互作用与相互依赖；裂隙的闭合使得结构面水力梯度变大，作用在裂缝上的渗透压力增大，促进导水裂缝扩展，裂隙连通性增加；裂缝张开度增大，渗透能力增强，渗流量增大，其渗流压力相应降低；由于围岩中裂隙隙宽、压力和渗流量的动态依赖性，在一定条件下，裂隙隙宽的改变可导致局部水力通道的形成，高压水头从局部涌出，从而促进突水灾害的形成。

It points out that it must use unsaturated soil theory to consider the stabilization of construction established on loess and dilative soil subgrade. It uses single-phase flow theory and neglects the effect of porous air to describe the flow in unsaturated soil. The saturation of water and pore water pressure are taken as state variables, the effective stress and water flow velocity are expressed using these variables.

对于非饱和渗流孔隙水压力-位移耦合分析问题，本文采用单相流理论，忽略孔隙气压力的变化及其对土体变形的影响，以孔隙水饱和度和孔隙水压力作为状态变量，给出了非饱和土的应力状态表达式、渗流特性，建立了非饱和流孔隙水压力-位移耦合分析的有限元程式。

Especially, it is found that there exists three types of relative permeability of water such as concave, convex to the water saturation ax and the reversed "S" pattern. The super-low permeability reservoir is sensitive to pressure, apparent with millipore undersaturation and water blocks. In this study, a new concept of irriducible undersaturation is brought up. And a new mode to describle the process of imbibition dynamics is used to reveal and confirm the mechanism of pinhole enveloping macropore as following: pendular ring of wetting phase gathers→it fills throat→it truncates nonwejting phase . The expression of pressure distribution and the equation of oil production are deduced under conditions of non-darcy linear seepage and non-linear seepage.

尤其发现水相相对渗透率曲线存在凹向、凸向含水饱和度轴及反S形三种形式；特低渗透储层的压力敏感性强，微孔隙的欠饱和及水锁效应显著，本文研究中提出欠束缚水饱和度的概念，引用一种描述渗吸动态即湿相液环聚集→充填喉道→截断非湿相的演化过程的新方法，更深刻地揭示和证明了&小孔包围大孔&机理；推导出了非达西线性渗流和非线性渗流条件下的压力分布表达式和油井产量方程。

At many case of bank foundation, such as the case of upper strongness and lower weakness, strong permeable foundation of dyke, strong permeable foundation of dyke containing low penetrability soft intercalation and the dyke foundation by alternation of low and strong penetrability layer, the appropriate condition of various upright seepage prevention measure (whole cut-off wall, half cut-off wall and hanging cut-off wall) and the optimization of seepage prevention measure are analyzed.

从渗流基本理论出发，以压力水头为基本未知量推导多孔介质三维饱和—非饱和、稳定—非稳定渗流问题的微分方程以及方程的有限元格式；在饱和非饱和渗流场的有限元分析中，不仅考虑了饱和区的水体渗流情况，而且也考虑了非饱和区的水分运动情况，将饱和渗流场与非饱和渗流场统一起来进行研究，整个渗流场采用一个支配方程。

The method of finite element discrete and optimal parameter back analysis is adopted.(3) Concentrated on the question of high external water pressure of the deep-lying tunnel, the basic theory and method calculating external water pressure are systematically studied.(4) Based on Jinping cascade 2 hydropower station, numerical simulation rain infiltration of seepage field under different drainage pattern and grouting pattern are studied, also, the high external water pressure is analyzed and studied and some seepage control measures are put forward.

2采用有限元离散—优化法进行参数的反演分析；(3)针对深埋隧洞的高外水压力问题，进一步分析和研究了衬砌水荷载及外水压力的作用机理和计算方法；(4)以锦屏二级水电站深埋长引水隧洞作为本文的主要研究对象，采用考虑降雨入渗渗流场分析的方法对排水方案和灌浆封堵方案不同情况下的渗流场的水头分布进行了数值模拟，并对其外水压力进行了分析和研究，提出了渗流控制的具体措施。

In this paper, an idea is presented about a larger pressure of percolation flow existed in a part of rock by a high-pressure jet, and the pressure has great effect on the rock fragmentation with jet. A model of calculating the pressure is established.

本文提出了射流作用下岩石局部范围具有较高渗流压力的思想，并认为该渗流压力大小对射流破岩有重要影响，建立了该渗流压力的计算模型。

As to multi-layer reservoirs,each layer can be divided into three areas:area of gravel-packing,area of perforation and area of radial flow.Each area has its own governing equaiton and the solution is expressed by Green function.The well bore pressure and layer-rate is given through Green function in Laplace space.The pressure drop and skin factor isobtained also in each area.

根据多层砾石充填完井的渗流特点，将每个产层在径向上分成3个区域，即砾石充填区、射孔区、地层径向流区，每个区域有各自的渗流方程，对n层油藏有3n个渗流方程，将每个区域的方程用Green函数来表示，由各层的Green函数得到井筒混合压力、分层压力及分层产量在Laplace空间上的解，最后得到每层各区域的压力损失、表皮系数以及井底压力和分层产量与时间的变化关系。

The results from the study show that when saturated sand soil was librated, sand grain will slide and rearrange each other, pore ratio reduce, excess hydrostatic pressure produce and continually increase.

研究结果表明，饱和砂土受振，砂粒相对滑动并重新排列，孔隙率降低，孔隙水受压产生超静孔水压力并不断增大，部分孔隙水挤出渗流，隙水渗流对砂粒产生渗流压力。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。