渗

Solid powder boronization s and the heat treatment later were carried out to the low-carbon steel Q235A template used in brick molding machine.

对制砖机用低碳钢Q235A模板进行固体粉末渗硼和渗后热处理，分别研究了热处理前后所获渗硼层及基体的显微组织，并对其渗硼层截面进行硬度分析，而且对不同处理方式的模板进行了工艺寿命实验。

Preferential dissolution of α phase for specimens processed less than 12 hrs were revealed by using ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy). Hydrides having precipitated in the α-phase at the near surface peeled off into the electrolyte, and thus resulted in reduced HUE for specimens having experienced longer charging periods. In order to increase HUE, the hydrogenation promoter, Na2S2O35H2O, was added into the electrolyte to see the effect on the hydrogen absorption.

感应耦合电浆质谱分析术(inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy； ICP-MS)分析发现，渗氢前一阶段（12小时）铝元素有较明显之溶释现象，此一现象肇因於渗氢作用使近表面层α-相中析出之氢化物体积逐渐扩大膨胀，最后剥落而溶於硫酸水溶液，也因此造成长时间之渗氢效率未随渗氢时间增加而增加。

The method of finite element discrete and optimal parameter back analysis is adopted.(3) Concentrated on the question of high external water pressure of the deep-lying tunnel, the basic theory and method calculating external water pressure are systematically studied.(4) Based on Jinping cascade 2 hydropower station, numerical simulation rain infiltration of seepage field under different drainage pattern and grouting pattern are studied, also, the high external water pressure is analyzed and studied and some seepage control measures are put forward.

2采用有限元离散—优化法进行参数的反演分析；(3)针对深埋隧洞的高外水压力问题，进一步分析和研究了衬砌水荷载及外水压力的作用机理和计算方法；(4)以锦屏二级水电站深埋长引水隧洞作为本文的主要研究对象，采用考虑降雨入渗渗流场分析的方法对排水方案和灌浆封堵方案不同情况下的渗流场的水头分布进行了数值模拟，并对其外水压力进行了分析和研究，提出了渗流控制的具体措施。

Because the roadbed is in the condition of stable seepage in the normal highway construction and service, the formula of level and discharge of cut, tunnel and drainage structure in condition of confined water and dive are deduced on the saturated seepage theory.

4由于在公路建设和运行中，绝大多数时间路基是处于稳定渗流的情况，根据饱和渗流理论，推导建立了在潜水和承压水条件下路堑结构、隧道结构和排水设施在稳定渗流情况下的水位和流量计算理论公式；按地下水类型、公路结构型式、排水设施型式、是否进行衬砌或支护、组合方式和布置方案构建了公路工程地下水稳定渗流模型。

Because the roadbed is in the condition of stable seepage in the normal highway construction and service, the formula of level and discharge of cut, tunnel and drainage structure in condition of confined water and dive are deduced on the saturated seepage theory. The stability groundwater seepage model of highway engineering is established according to groundwater type, highway structure pattern, drain facilities pattern, whether carried on lining or timbering, combined pattern and layout.

4由于在公路建设和运行中，绝大多数时间路基是处于稳定渗流的情况，根据饱和渗流理论，推导建立了在潜水和承压水条件下路堑结构、隧道结构和排水设施在稳定渗流情况下的水位和流量计算理论公式；按地下水类型、公路结构型式、排水设施型式、是否进行衬砌或支护、组合方式和布置方案构建了公路工程地下水稳定渗流模型。

All these research afford an important theory basis to the NDT of the carburized layer depth and the quality evaluation of surface treatment materials.

论文选择了3种典型的常用合金渗碳材料20Cr、20CrMnTi和18Cr2Ni4WA作为研究对象，通过大量的渗碳工艺试验及剥层化学分析，建立了在不同渗碳条件下材料渗碳层中碳浓度的分布模型。

In order to determine the load-bearing capacity, the bearing steel GCr15 was treated by ferritic and composite nitrocarburizing techniques.

为考察氮碳共渗层的承载能力，对GCr15轴承钢进行了铁素体氮碳共渗及其与氧化+抛光+氧化相结合的复合氮碳共渗工艺，首次对铝质材料实施了氮碳共渗处理，研究了表面处理层的摩擦学特性。

Generally, percolation in low permeability reservoirs does not follow Darcy's law. On the contrary, percolation characters are the existence of threshold pressure gradients, a non-linear percolation segment and a linear percolation segment which does not go though the origin.

一般认为，低渗油藏渗流过程中不遵循达西定律，表现为：存在启动压力梯度；存在非线性渗流段；有一条不通过原点的线性渗流段。

The powder method without box and the paste with protective coating.

介绍了固体硫氮碳共渗渗剂两种新的使用方法──不用渗箱的粉末法和带保护层的硫氮磷共渗涂料。

The expression for the relation between the pseudo pressure and the pressure of real gas is obtained and then applied to analyze the inflow performance relationship of gas wells.

为了更准确地描述压敏油藏真实气体渗流特性，通过引入广义拟压力函数来表征压敏油藏气体的渗流过程，使气体渗流扩散方程与单相微可压缩液体渗流扩散方程有相同的形式。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。