渗

Through an analysis of aquifer deformation machanism caused by groundwater pumping ,the seepage flow equation with considering adynamic unit is deduced in this paper,and the mathematical model for the effect of aquifer deformation caused by groundwater pumping upon seepage field is presented.

通过分析抽水引起含水层变形机理，推导出了考虑单元体位移的渗流方程，提出了抽水引起含水层变形对渗流场影响的数学模型。

The paper studies the rational back aggraclation width of yellow river dike with reliable theory,researches and formulates the finite element reliability program of Monte-carlo filtration for calculate the failure probability of filtration stability for soil body of different distance from slope base of yellow river dike under design flood level,thus determines the rational back aggradation width.

利用可靠性理论对黄河堤防淤背设计的合理宽度问题进行了系统的分析研究，充分考虑了黄河堤防土体参数的随机变异性，研制了蒙特卡洛渗流有限元可靠度程序，用来计算在设计洪水位下距黄河堤防背河坡脚不同距离的地层土体渗流稳定破坏概率，从而确定合理的淤背宽度。

The distribution of nitrogen concentration and the microstructure of the nitrided layer were measured and observed by EPMA and SEM respectively.

在氮气中对304奥氏体不锈钢进行固溶渗氮，用电子探针测定了渗氮层的氮浓度分布，用扫描电子显微镜观察了渗氮层的金相组织。

The nitrided layer formed on the surface of stainless steel consists of a nitrogen supersaturated austenite which is maintained to very high nitrogen concentrations and is of high hardness and good corrosion resistance.

与一般离子渗氮不同的是，这些新方法是在真空度较高、温度较低的条件下进行渗氮，可以充分地利用离子的能量提高渗氮效率。

The results showed that tillage had stronger compaction effect on Red soil. By analyzing retention properties, water content was higher in the same suction for Red soil. Field capacity and wilting coefficient were higher for Red soil than those for Lou soil, but effective moisture and saturated hydraulic conductivity were lower for Red soil. For Red soil, Lateral infiltration ability was stronger, infiltration rate was greater than one number degree for Lou soil and preferential flow occurred easily.

结果表明：耕作片红壤有较强的压实作用；从持水特征分析，同一吸力下红壤的含水量较高，田间持水量和凋萎系数也高于塿土，而有效水含量略低于塿土，饱和导水率却低于塿土1个数量级；从入渗特征分析，红壤的侧渗能力很强，入渗率比塿土高1个数量级，容易发生大孔隙流。

When muddy water is still, sediment will easily be deposited on the sand column to be a new layer for infiltration which is disadvantage to sediment entrance.

静止浑水入渗时沉积比较快，沉积层覆盖在砂柱上方，成为新的入渗层，对分析入渗滞留的状况造成不利的条件。

The procedure is not only used in the stable seepage field of earth rock-fill dam but also used in the stable seepage field of other dams such as concrete dam in order to provide the reference for solveing the seepage problem.

本文的研究成果不仅可以应用于计算土石坝的稳定渗流场，也可以应用到其它坝比如混凝土坝的稳定渗流场的分析，为解决渗流问题提供参考。

In other words, regional mean runoff may be considered as the difference values between mean rainfall and infiltrations over a given heterogeneous land surface region, and the mean infiltration for the region may be calculated from two parts of infiltrations for saturation and non-saturation areas.

换言之，区域内地表产流率可视为区域平均降水量与区域平均的土壤下渗量之差值，而区域内土壤的平均下渗量又可分为非饱和区和饱和区两部分的下渗量来分别计算。

Traditional Double-cycle infiltrator can not simulate natural rainfall because of the whole process,overlooked the role of rainfall causing raindrop hit penetration impact is a "static" in a state of infiltration,but not for the slope,the limitations are considerable.

传统的双环法由于无法模拟天然降雨入渗的全部过程，忽略了雨滴击溅作用对降雨入渗的影响，是一种&静止&状态下的入渗，而且不能用于坡地，局限性比较大。

The effect of the surface treatment on the fretting wear behavior of 316LVM austenitic stainless steel was investigated in the Ringer's solution by a Servo Hydraulic Dynamic Test machine.

采用液压伺服微动试验机，在模拟体液中试验研究了430℃渗氮、430℃氮碳共渗与500℃渗碳等3种表面改性工艺对医用奥氏体不锈钢316LVM微动腐蚀磨损性能的影响。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。