渔业

The calculation was on the basis of Excel and Statistica software. The results show that in East China Sea region the 10 main fisheries development have 4 periods: undeveloped, on developing, mature and senescent. It also shows that most of the 10 fisheries are in the periods of senescent, such as hairtail, large yellow croaker, filef...

结果表明：东海区主要种类渔业发展过程符合渔业发展的一般规律，即经历未开发、开发中、成熟和衰退 4个阶段，且主要种类如带鱼、大黄鱼、小黄鱼、马面等渔业大多处于成熟期或衰退期，从而预测其发展趋势，并提出必须加强渔业管理、控制捕捞强度等使渔业实现可持续发展的管理措施。

In the end it suggests some counter-measures, including: developing cage acquiculture in the bends and branches as the stradegy direction in cultivation program; developing high-density flowing aquiculture making use of the stream resources; selectively developing dam-intercepting bends acquiculture and quality pool fishery; intensifying the protection and utilization of the natural fish resources so as to develop special variety and establish fry production base; developing large-water-area throw-in and enrichment and culture fishery and halieutics; protecting ecological environment and establishing economic fish and rare fish protection district; perfecting fishery institution and intensifying fishery management and bettering the fish breeding; developing tourist and fishing industry; establishing related mechanism including government control mechanism, market guiding mechanism, management and running company system, sales market share system, farmer organizing and uniting system, leading enterprise leading system; increasing the investment to the fishery industry in the area

文章最后提出发展三峡水库渔业的对策包括：养殖项目的战略定向为利用库湾库汊，发展网箱养鱼；利用山溪流水资源，开展高密度流水养鱼；利用高水位区库湾，有选择地开展坝拦库湾养鱼和精养池塘渔业；强化天然鱼类资源保护与合理利用，进行特色品种的开发和苗种生产基地的建设；大水域放流增殖，发展捕捞业；保护生态环境，建立经济鱼类和珍稀鱼类保护区；健全渔政机构、加强渔政管理、做好鱼类繁殖；积极发展游钓业；建立与渔业发展相适应的配套机制包括政府调控机制、市场导向机制、管理运营公司制、营销市场股份制、农民组织协会制、龙头企业带动制；增加三峡水库渔业的资金投入。

As a whole,the notable characteristic of primary productivity in size-fractioned structure was that nanoplankton occupied comparatively significant advantage in Beibu Gulf.Nanoplankton has the largest contribution to gross primary productivity,and picoplankton was the secondary contributor,while microplankton the least.The contribution of microplankton for primary productivity in the north Gulf was more than that in the other waters.Nanoplankton and picoplankton contribute more to the gross primary productivity in offshore deep waters than in inshore shallow waters3.The Beibu Gulf can be divided into three ecoregions:Region-Ⅰis the ecoregion in inshore shallow waters of the north Gulf.In average,the water depth is 18m,DIN is 1.88μmol/L,DIP is 0.20μmol/L,N:P is 9.4:1,dissolved silicate is 5.17μmol/L,the Chl a conentration in surface layer is 2.27mg·m~(-3),the assimilation index in surface layer is 3.80mg/,the primary productivity is 198.78mgC/(m~2·d), and potential fishery production is estimated to be 0.24gC/(m~2·a) according to the primary productivity.The ecoregion is mainly affected by the northern coastal water systems,and may be fit for aquaculture;Region-Ⅱis the ecoregion in offshore deep waters of the north Gulf and the coastal shallow waters to the west Hainan Island.In average,the water depth is 35m,DIN is 2.01μmol/L,DIP is 0.18μmol/L,N:P is 11.2:1,disovled silicate is 4.23μmol/L,the chlorophyll a of surface layer concentration is 1.45mg·m~(-3),the assimilation index of surface layer is 4.12 mg/,the primary productivity is 276.60mgC/(m~2·d),and the estimated potential fishery production is 0.34gC/(m~2·a) according to the primary productivity. The ecoregion was mainly influenced by ocean current from the South China Sea, rivers in the west coast of Hainan Island and the water from Qiongzhou Strait.It may be fit for aquaculture and fishery;Region-Ⅲis the ecoregion in offshore deep waters of the mid and south Gulf.In average,the water depth is 75m,DIN is 0.77μmol/L, DIP is 0.15μmol/L,N:P is 5.1:1,disovled silicate is 3.05μmol/L,the chlorophyll a of surface layer concentration is 0.70mg·m~(-3),the assimilation index of surface layer averaged is 3.69mg/,the primary productivity is 350.89mgC/(m~2·d),and the estimated potential fishery production is 0.43gC/(m~2·a) according to the primary productivity.The ecoregion was mainly affected by the circulation inside Beibu Gulf, and may be fit for fishery.

初级生产力的粒级结构的一个显著特点是总体上微型浮游生物在全调查海区均占较明显优势，对总初级生产力的平均贡献最大；微微型浮游生物对初级生产力的平均贡献次之；小型浮游生物对总初级生产力的平均贡献最小；湾北部小型浮游生物对初级生产力的平均贡献高于湾中部和湾南部，而湾中部和湾南部微型和微微型浮游生物对初级生产力的平均贡献高于湾北部，远岸深水区高于近岸浅水区。3、北部湾可以分为三个生态区：湾北部近岸浅水区，该区的环境主要特点是平均水深19m，DIN浓度平均值为1.88μmol/L，DIP浓度平均值为0.20μmol/L，N：P为9.4：1，硅酸盐浓度平均值为5.17μmol/L，表层叶绿素a平均值高达2.27 mg·m~(-3)，表层同化指数平均为3.80 mg/，初级生产力平均值198.78mgC/(m~2·d)，根据初级生产力计算潜在渔业资源碳生产量平均为0.24 gC/(m~2·a)，该区主要受湾北部沿岸水系影响，适合作为水产养殖区；湾北部深水区和海南岛西部沿岸浅水区，该区的环境主要特点是平均水深35m，DIN浓度平均值为2.01μmol/L，DIP浓度平均值为0.18μmol/L，N：P为11.2：1，硅酸盐浓度平均值为4.23μmol/L，表层叶绿素a平均值1.45 mg·m~(-3)，表层同化指数平均为4.12mg/，初级生产力平均值276.60 mgC/(m~2·d)，根据初级生产力计算潜在渔业资源碳生产量平均为0.34 gC/(m~2·a)，该区主要受南部湾口区海流向湾内延伸，沿岸海南岛河流注入湾内和琼州海峡过道水的影响，适合作为渔业作业区和水产养殖区；湾中部和南部远岸深水区，该区的环境主要特点是平均水深75m，DIN浓度平均值为0.77μmol/L，DIP浓度平均值为0.15μmol/L，N：P为5.1：1，硅酸盐浓度平均值为3.05μmol/L，表层叶绿素a平均值0.70 mg·m~(-3)，表层同化指数平均为3.69 mg/，初级生产力平均值350.89 mgC/(m~2·d)，根据初级生产力计算潜在渔业资源碳生产量平均为0.43 gC/(m~2·a)，该区主要受北部湾环流影响，适合作为渔业作业区。

The fishery ports herein refer to manmade or natural ports designated to serve fishery production, provide moorage and avoidance of winds for fishery ships, handling fishery harvests and supplement materials for fishery, including special fishery docks, special fishery water areas and special anchorage sites for fishery ships in comprehensive ports.

前款所称渔业港口，是指专门为渔业生产服务、供渔业船舶停泊、避风、装卸渔获物、补充渔需物资的人工港口或者自然港湾，包括综合性港口中渔业专用的码头、渔业专用的水域和渔船专用的锚地。

Study the management of the marine fishery risk just from the financial tool angle can\'t also bag all contents of risk management, from the marine fishery risk management of inside request to set out, need to study the non-financial tool that the Chinese marine fishery risk manages, such as the quarter rest fishing system, developing ecosystem fishery, developing the high and new technique of the marine fishery,, construct the risk information of the marine fishery management system, develop to lie organization etc. in the marine fishery.

仅从金融工具角度研究海洋渔业风险管理还无法囊括风险管理的全部内容，从海洋渔业风险管理的内在要求出发，需研究中国海洋渔业风险管理的非金融工具，如伏季休渔制度，发展生态渔业，发展海洋渔业高新技术，建设海洋渔业风险信息管理系统，发展海洋渔业中介组织等。

Based on the FAO recommendatory Indicators for Sustainable Development of Marine fishing, a sustainable reference system is being established that covers marine fishing economy, social and ecological environment, fishing management of Zhejiang province. It provides an approach to evaluation the sustainable development of marine capture of Zhejiang province.

以联合国粮农组织推荐的海洋捕捞渔业可持续发展指标为基础，建立了海洋捕捞渔业经济、社会、生态环境、渔业资源管理为基本内容的浙江海洋捕捞渔业可持续发展框架，评估了浙江省海洋捕捞渔业可持续发展状况。

Based on the FAO recommendatory Indicators for Sustainable Development of Marine fishing, a sustainable reference system is being established that covers marine fishing economy, social and ecological environment, fishing management of Zhejiang province.

以联合国粮农组织推荐的海洋捕捞渔业可持续发展指标为基础，建立了海洋捕捞渔业经济、社会、生态环境、渔业资源管理为基本内容的浙江海洋捕捞渔业可持续发展框架，评估了浙江省海洋捕捞渔业可持续发展状况。

None of the four models could work well in the scenario 2, under explored stock, however they got accurate results in scenario 1, regulated stock. The Schnute model work well in full explored stocks such as scenario 1, 3, 4 and 5, especially in low biomass stocks such as scenario 3, but not suitable to the under explored stocks such as scenario 2. The W-H model generally performed well in all kind of scenarios especially in scenario 1, 4, and 5. In the swordfish, xiphias gladius, fishery, estimation of W-H model and D-Fox model produced MSY about 14000 ton, very near the result of Prager in 1996.The author tentatively explored the suitable fishing condition for the models to stock assessment.

四种剩余产量模型在充分捕捞且管理良好的渔业1中评估效果较好而在捕捞不足的渔业2中效果较差；Schnute模型在充分捕捞的渔业如渔业1、3、4、5、尤其是在低生物量的渔业3中评估效果较好，但不适合评估未充分捕捞的渔业，如渔业2；Walters-Hilborn模型适用于各种渔业，尤其是渔业1、4、5；在过度捕捞渔业中如渔业3、4，模型对参数q的估计较其它参数接近真值；在北大西洋箭鱼渔业的评估中，W-H模型和D-Fox模型对MSY的估计约为14000吨，接近于Prager(1996)的结果。

To simulate the dynamic behaviors of single-boat mid-water trawl system in fishing simulator, a modeling method to establish the mathematical model of single-boat mid-water trawl system is proposed.

随着现代渔业的发展，渔船操作模拟器将在渔业教学与培训、渔业海事测评、渔业船舶事故预防安全措施评估、渔业港口规划等方面发挥越来越重要的作用。

Furthermore, the article presents small-scale fishing ground indemnificatory allocation framework system. It advised that the marine and inland water fishing grounds which is connected with the land from the marine motor fishing vessels' bottom trawl closed area line, as the exclusive small-scale fishing's special zone for traditional fisher. Moreover let the small-scale special fishing zone being further divided and allocated, each zone establish small-scale fisher association to implement internal management and endow each zone of the attribute of usufructuary right which was the power of exclusive utilization, long effectiveness inheritable and transferable.

本文在对比分析了捕捞投入要素分配、渔获量分配和渔场分配三种分配方式的基础上，提出了小型渔业渔场保障性分配框架体系，建议将海洋机动渔船底拖网禁渔区线向陆地一侧的海洋和内陆水域渔场作为小型渔业传统渔民的专用渔场，再将小型渔业专用渔场在行政区之间进一步划分和分配，每个渔场建立相应的小型渔业渔民协会进行渔场使用的内部管理，并赋予小型渔业渔场使用权排他性的、长效性可继承的、可流转的用益物权属性。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。