淋巴管

Methods The microlymphatic density and lymphatic vessel invasion in 102 cases of breast cancer tissue were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining, using monoclonal antibody for podoplanin. The characteristic of microlymphatic vessel and the relationship between MLD, LVI and clinicopathological parameters were evaluated.

采用微淋巴管标记物podo-planin对102例乳腺癌组织进行免疫组化染色，观察微淋巴管的特点，分析乳腺癌中微淋巴管密度及淋巴管浸润与临床病理参数之间的关系，并与血管标记物CD34进行双标免疫组化染色，观察podoplanin标记淋巴管的特异性。

Results Among all 25 cases of lymphangioma,Within 20 cases of cystic lymphangioma,single cyst was showed in 14 cases and multilocular cyst was showed in 6 cases in plain scan,and little enhancement of capsule wall and septal in 8 cases in enhancement scanning. Cystic-solid mass was showed in 4 cases of cavernoma lymphangioma in plain scan,and solid part of mass was enhanced obviously in enhancement scanning.1 capillary ymphangioma showed the skin and hypodermic thicking,and part of area showed little beehive-like feature. Enhancement scanning showed slight irregularity enhancement.

结果 25例淋巴管瘤中20例囊性淋巴管瘤，CT平扫14例表现为单一囊肿，6例表现为多房性囊肿，囊腔内见有分隔；增强扫描8例出现囊壁或间隔的轻微强化。4例海绵状淋巴管瘤平扫均表现为囊实性肿块，增强检查实性部分有明显分期增强；1例毛细管型淋巴管瘤表现为局部皮肤及皮下组织的增厚，部分区域见有小蜂房样表现，增强扫描见有轻度不规则强化。

Results The intramural capillary lymphatics of rat's rectum were observed in deep lamina propria of tunica membrane and the dermal papilla layer of anal pectin. The intramural capillary lymphatics and lymphatics were both observed in tela submucosa, reticular layer, hypodermis and intermuscular and serosa. The capillary lymphatics in rectums' wall have the similar ultrastructure feature to normal ones. Three kinds of endothelial cells junctions are overlapping junctions, embedding-junctions and end to-end-type junctions. About 21% of cell-junctions are opening types. There are normal organelles and many vesicals in the endothelial of capillary lymphatics.

结果 直肠壁内的毛细淋巴管见於黏膜固有层深部和肛梳区真皮乳头层；在黏膜下层和肛梳区的网状层、皮下组织以及肌层和浆膜层内均有毛细淋巴管和淋巴管，直肠壁内毛细淋巴管的超微结构具有一般毛细淋巴管超微结构的特点，内皮细胞连接有重叠、嵌插和端端连接3种类型，处於开放状态约占21%；胞质内含有一般的细胞器，幷含有大量的囊泡。

The higher VEGF-C expression and LVD expression in esophageal cancer, the higher risk of lymph node metastasis in esophageal cancer; podoplanin marked LVD is more precise than VEGFR-3 marked LVD, and expression of podoplanin correlates closely with high expression of VEGF-C and LVD. It is a satisfactory lymphangial endothelium marker.

癌旁组织LVD同VEGF-C的高表达及淋巴结转移密切相关，食管癌组织中podoplanin标记的淋巴管密度较VEGFR-3标记的淋巴管密度更为精确，是一种更为满意的淋巴管内皮特异性标志物。

Three of them were diagnosed as sarcoidosis. Two were pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. One with usual interstitial pneumonia, one with bronchialitis obliterous and organizing pneumonia, one with nonspecific pneumonia, one with Castleman's disease, one with pulmonary lymph angioleiomyomatosis, two with bronchioalveolar carcinoma, one as rheumatoid pulmonary fibrosis complicated with pulmonary squamatous cancer and locally metastas is in lungs, two as pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis, one as lung squamatous cancer with pulmonary lymphangitic metastasis, and one with primary pulmonary paraganglioma.

结果 17例患者均获病理确诊，其中结节病3例，肺泡蛋白沉积症2例，普通型间质性肺炎1例，闭塞性细支气管炎伴机化性肺炎1例，非特异性间质性肺炎1例，Castleman病1例，淋巴管平滑肌瘤病1例，肺泡细胞癌2例，类风湿性关节炎肺间质纤维化合并肺鳞癌伴肺内多发转移1例，肺淋巴管癌2例，肺鳞癌伴肺内淋巴管转移1例，肺原发性副神经节细胞瘤1例。

The larvae enter the lymphatic vessels of the mammary gland, causing lymphangitis, fibrosis, and disruption of lymphatic drainage.

幼虫进入乳腺腺体的淋巴管，导致淋巴管炎，纤维化，及引流淋巴管破裂。

Traumatic or surgical injuries to this system can cause leakage of lymph and result in the formation of a lymphocele, which is defined as an accumulation of lymph surrounded by pseudomembranes (layers of tissue with a reaction of the surrounding tissue).10 Lymph drainage above the cisterna chyli is rich in chylomicrons and has a creamy white appearance because of the contribution of the gastrointestinal lymphatics.14 Below the cisterna chyli, however, lymph is serous in nature and has a clear yellow color and a significantly lower triglyceride content.

外伤或手术对这个系统造成损伤可以引起淋巴漏，最终导致淋巴管瘤形成。淋巴管瘤即为有假膜（由于四周组织反应形成的组织层）包裹的淋巴聚集。由于胃肠道淋巴的关系，在乳糜池以上的淋巴管富含乳糜微粒，有奶油样的白色外观。而乳糜池一下的淋巴则为浆液性质，为清亮黄色，其甘油三脂的含量明显降低。

The density of collapsed lymphoducts was higher than that of reticular lymphoducts in the interior of the pulmonary squamocellular carcinoma tissue.

结论肺鳞癌组织淋巴管生成主要在周边部，肺鳞癌组织内部淋巴管塌陷明显增多导致的淋巴管无功能状态可能主要是由于高间质压引起的。

The density of collapsed lymphoducts in the interior of the pulmonary squamocellular carcinoma tissue was much higher than that in the pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumor.

在肺鳞癌组织周边部：单腔淋巴管密度远大于塌陷淋巴管密度和网状淋巴管密度，塌陷淋巴管密度小于网状淋巴管密度。

The thoracic duct endothelia in vitro could remain their biological properties, and could be made a tool for studing their functions and cancer metastasis mechanism by lymphatics. The positive expression of VEGF-C in cancer cells was correlated with cancer development, it seem to be that VEGF-C induce lymphoangiogenesis through its receptor Flt-4. The Flt-4 expression of lymphatics in cancer tissues was assosiated with cancer development, it is considered that there are new lymphatics in cancer tissues.

体外培养的大鼠胸导管内皮细胞可以保持体内淋巴管内皮细胞的生物学特性，可作为研究大鼠淋巴管内皮细胞功能和进一步研究癌转移机制的体外实验材料；大鼠大肠癌组织腺体的VEGF-C表达与肿瘤进展有关，推测其通过受体Flt-4诱导淋巴管生成；Flt-4在淋巴管的阳性表达随肿瘤进展增多，推测在癌组织内存在淋巴管的新生。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。