淀粉质的

Cloning of the Schwanniomyces occidentalis α-amylase and high expression in S.cerevisiae.The E.coli / yeast shuttle plasmid YCEpl partial library of Schwanniomyces occidentalis DNA was constructed and α-amylase gene fragments were screened in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by amylolytic activity.Several transformants with amylolysis were obtained and one of the fusion plasmids has about 5.0 kb inserted DNA fragment.It contains the upstream and downstream sequences of α-amylase gene from S.occidentalis .

以E.coli/yeast穿梭质粒YCEp1为载体构建西方许旺酵母部分基因组文库，在大肠杆菌中扩增后提取混合质粒DNA，经电转化非缺陷标志酒精酵母 AS.2.1364，在YPDS平板(含1%葡萄糖和1%可溶性淀粉)上用淀粉水解活力筛选含水解淀粉的阳性转化子，从阳性转化子中分离重组质粒证实含5.0kb的插入片段，用α-淀粉酶基因两端序列设计的引物PCR扩增及扩增片段序列分析证实该片段中含有α-淀粉酶全部编码序列。

Starch esterification was proceeded with native cassava starch and three saturated free fatty acids: capric acid (C10:0), myristic acid (C14:0) and stearic acid (C18:0). The fatty acid modified starch was prepared by using lipase PS as the catalyst.

中文摘要本研究以天然树薯淀粉为反应基质，与三种不同链长饱和脂肪酸羊蜡酸(C10：0、肉豆蔻酸(C14：0)与硬脂酸(C18：0)分别於水相及有机相行酯化反应，并且以工业中常用的脂肪水解酶lipase PS催化酯键合成，可得脂肪酸修饰淀粉(fatty acid modified starch， FAMS)。

The glycemic index, physiological function of low glycemic-index food and low glycemic-index starchy derivatives (including indigestible dextrin, slowly digestible starch, resistant-enzyme starch, starch-lipid complex and starch-protein conjugate) are introduced.

本文综述了近年来低血糖生成指数淀粉类衍生物的研究进展，并简要介绍了国内外对血糖生成指数、低血糖生成指数食品的生理学功能及其淀粉类衍生物(如难消化糊精、慢消化淀粉、抗酶解淀粉、淀粉-脂质复合物、淀粉-蛋白质复合物等)方面的基本研究状况，展望了其发展前景。

In our research, the morphological and physicochemical properties of common corn starch granule and resistant starch granule were systemically studied using Rapid Visco Analyzer, Farinograph, Mixograph, TA-plus, Laser Particle Analyzer, Differential Scanning Calorimeter and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer. And the influences of resistant starch on pasting properties of wheat flour and rheological properties of dough with different gluten strengh were investigated, so did effects on sensory and texture characteristics of staple food in northern China. These results will provide some theoretical basis for resistant starch widely using in food industry.

本文采用快速黏度分析仪、粉质仪、揉混仪、质构分析仪、激光粒度仪、差示扫描量热仪、红外光谱仪等先进测试仪器系统研究了抗性淀粉和普通玉米淀粉的颗粒形貌和理化性质，探讨了抗性淀粉对不同筋力小麦粉糊化和流变学特性及北方主食感官和质构特性的影响，为抗性淀粉在食品工业中的广泛应用提供了理论依据。

And the main place of origin in Fujian and Sichuan. Taking the root of Alisma oriental Juzep.and rice as main raw materials, and the proportion of the Alisma oriental Juzep. and rice as 3:1 of weight, the quantity of starter 0.5% of rice consumption, and addition of small amount of cellulose. After a series of process, the starch of Alisma oriental Juzep. should be resolved and turned to alcohol by the fermentation of microhe.

研究以泽泻和大米为主要原料加工泽泻酒，按大米与泽泻粉质量比为1：3配料，生料曲用量为大米用量的0.5%，纤维素酶用量为泽泻投料量的0.05%，经一系列工艺处理，通过微生物发酵作用分解泽泻中的淀粉质，并转化为酒精，使泽泻中的有益物质充分溶出。

Ultrastructurally, the chalazal border of the mature egg cell demonstrates regularly discontinuous regions in which exist a great number of single or double-membrane vesicles.

卵细胞中的质体多含淀粉粒，精细胞中的质体均不含淀粉粒。DNA荧光显示，卵细胞质中具丰富的类核并可以断定环状类核为线粒体DNA。

These data prove that the enzyme is compartmented in its functional sites, and so provide evidence to support the possible widespread biological function of the enzyme in catalyzing starch breakdown in plant living cells or at least in living cells of plant storage organs.

这些结果明确地展示出甘薯块根生活细胞中β-淀粉酶与其淀粉基质居于同一亚细胞区域内，为β-淀粉酶普遍参与植物生活细胞或贮藏器官生活细胞中的淀粉水解提供了证据。

Based on brief introduction of nutritional components,development,and genetic control of endosperm,it is reviewed on a serial of novel mutations,such as the waxy,dull,misty,sugary,shrunk,floury,low amylose,high amylose, low paste viscosity,high resistant starch,low glutelin content,protein body absent,high iron,low phytic acid endosperms and gene locations of the related mutated characters.

本文在简要介绍胚乳的发育、组成及品质性状遗传的基础上，综述了与淀粉、蛋白质和微营养相关的系列胚乳突变及相关性状的基因定位。胚乳突变主要包括糯性、暗色、云雾状、糖质、皱缩、粉质米、低直链淀粉、高直链淀粉、低粘滞性、高抗性淀粉、低水溶性蛋白、蛋白体缺失、高赖氨酸、高铁、低植酸等方面。

Histologically, the seminiferous tubules contained numerous Sertoli cells and more Sertoli-spermatozoa complexes, accompanied by the depletion of Leydig cells with deeply stained nuclei. Mature spermatozoa were stored up in the epididymis, but only a few in the efferent ducts. In the second place was testicular atrophy（32/120; 26.7%）. The seminiferous tubules showed moderate to severe inactivity of spermiogenesis with evidence of only spermatogonia, spermatocytes and Sertoli cells. The Leydig cells were obviously decreased in numbers associated with decrease of lipid droplets in their cytoplasms. Testicular hypoplasia was the third disorders（22/120; 18.3%）. Only a few spermatogonia and Sertoli cells appeared without any spermiogenesis. The associated changes was decreased in Leydig cells and fibrous hyperplasia in the interstitium.Epididymal stones were sometimes found（12/120; 10%）. Grossly, yellowish-white nodules with various sizes and firm in consistency were observed in the epididymis and the front efferent ducts. Microscopically, the epididymal ducts were dilated with voluminous spermatozoa storage, even showed calcification in severe cases. The deposited calcium salts were stained positively by Von Kossa and Alizarin red methods.Amyloidosis was also detected in 10 roosters（8.3%）. Eosinophilic, homogeneous, amyloid-like substances were deposited mainly in the testicular interstitium and the periphery of blood vessels. These substances showed positive reaction by Congo red staining. Five roosters（4.2%）had Marek's lesions in the testis, epididymis and peripheral nerves with infiltration of pleomorphic lymphocytes. Only one case showed epithelial necrosis of seminiferous tubules accompanied by fibrous proliferation in the interstitium.

结果发现，在总共搜集的120个病例中，其中因年老所导致的产精力不佳为最多，占38例（31.7%），於镜下可见大量精虫黏附於Sertoli cell的表面，并可见Sertoli cell数量明显增多而Leydig cell明显减少，且其细胞核呈现浓染的现象，而在其副睪中仍可见到成熟精虫蓄留於管腔中，但在其输精管内却只有少量精虫存在；其次为睪丸萎缩，占32例（26.7%），镜下可见中度至重度无造精作用，其生精小管中只见到精母细胞、精原细胞及Sertoli cell存在，但Leydig cell数量明显减少且其细胞质内的脂质也明显减少；睪丸发育不全，占22例（18.3%），於生精小管内只见到精母细胞及少量Sertoli cell存在，不见造精细胞分化，於生精小管间质可见Leydig cell减少并伴随结缔组织增生；副睪结石，占12例（10%），肉眼下可在副睪及输精管前段见到黄白色大小不一的结节，触感坚硬，於镜下可见副睪管扩张并有大量成熟精虫蓄积，严重时可见钙化现象，以Von Kossa及茜素红染色均呈阳性反应；类淀粉沉著症，占10例（8.3%），镜下在睪丸间质及血管周围可见粉红均质样的物质沉积，以刚果红染色成阳性反应；马立克病，占5例（4.2%），镜下可在睪丸、副睪实质及周边神经内均可见到嗜碱性大小不一的淋巴样细胞浸润；睪丸坏死，占1例（0.8%），镜下可见生精小管上皮细胞坏死脱落及间质结缔组织增生。

High molecular weight increase in the protein matrix and raising the temperature range of paste and enthalpy value, improve the starch paste viscosity.

增加的高分子蛋白质强化了蛋白质的基质作用，与二硫键的增加共同提高了糊化的温度范围和热焓值，提高了淀粉糊的粘度。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。