液泡化

We have constructed a bivalence expression vector with SsNHX1 and AVP1 and transformed them into Arabidopsis. The results showed that the transgenic Arabidopsis plants 101 and 127 grew much better than wild type plants in the medium containing 100 and 200 mmol/L NaCl, which further indicated the important roles of Na〓 compartmentalization in vacuoles on plant salt tolerance.

2构建了同时含有液泡膜Na〓/H〓 antiporter与H〓-PPase基因的双元植物表达载体并转入拟南芥，筛选到在100和200mMol/LNaCl胁迫环境下生长发育均明显好于野生型的转基因拟南芥植株101和127，进一步验证了液泡Na〓区隔化在植物耐盐方面的重要作用。

Using intact tonoplast proteins, the effect of Ca〓-dependent phosphorylation on the activity of V type H〓-ATPase has been observed.

在完整的液泡膜囊泡水平观察了钙依赖的磷酸化作用对V型H〓-ATPase的活性调节，发现已磷酸化的V型H〓-ATPase的ATP水解活性和质子转运活性均有了较大的提高。

AVI may be protein matrix and it possesses neither a membrane boundary nor an internal structure,its formation is the result of the anthocyanins transported into the vacuole bind with a protein matrix. In vacuole, AVI is irregular and jelly-like in shape. In AVIs, the attachment of anthocyanins to the matrix protein is likely to be via H-bonds to a sterically restricted site. AVI is suggested to act as vacuolar anthocyanin "trap", preferentially for anthocyanidin 3, 5-diglycosides or acylted anthocyanins. The emergence of AVI can enhance color intensity and results in the "blueness" of color in the vacuole.

花色苷液泡包涵体可能具备蛋白质基质，既无膜包裹又无内部结构，其形成是转运进液泡的花色苷与蛋白质基质结合的结果；液泡里的花色苷液泡包涵体形状不规则，象果冻；在花色苷液泡包涵体中，花色苷可能通过氢键连接于蛋白质基质的一个有限空间位点；花色苷液泡包涵体被认为是液泡中花色苷的&陷阱&，优先摄取花色素3，5-二糖苷或酰化的花色苷；花色苷液泡包涵体的存在可增加液泡色彩的强度并导致&蓝化&。

In model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, also from Brassicaceae, the TRANSPARENT TESTA 12 (TT12, AtTT12) gene is seed coat-specific and encodes a vacuolar flavonoid/H+ antiporter, transporting cytoplasm-synthesized glycosylated flavan-3-ols to the vacuoles for further polymerization into seed coat pigments.

同属十字花科的模式植物拟南芥中，种皮特异表达的TT12（透明种皮12，AtTT12）基因编码一种液泡型类黄酮/H+-逆向转运蛋白，将胞浆内合成的糖苷化的黄烷-3-醇转运到液泡中，供进一步聚合形成种皮色素。

LsNHX2 may locate on the vesicle, and may affect the salt secretion of Limonium sinense by vesicle trafficking, while LsNHX1 and LsNHX3 may locate on the center vacuole, and sequestrate Na+ into vacuole.

LsNHX1和LsNHX3可能定位于中央大液泡上，主要负责Na+的区隔化；沉默表达后，液泡中区隔化的Na+离子含量降低，胞质中的Na+离子含量增加，刺激盐腺泌盐，导致叶片分泌的Na+离子含量增加。

Na+/H+ Antiporter is one sort of protein which on the membrane or vacuole membrane, they can transport Na+ retrorsely out of the cell or into the vacuole.

Na~+／H~+运输蛋白是位于质膜和液泡上的一类运输蛋白，它可以逆电化学梯度将Na~+排出细胞外或区隔化于液泡中，普遍存在于藻类与盐生植物中。

The vacuolated cytomplasm could not provide energy for mitotic division, which made microspores keep at that stage. At last single nucleus microspores disappeared.

单核小孢子在发育过程中由于细胞质液泡化，不能为核有丝分裂提供能量，使小孢子停滞在单核期，最终消失。

The oil cell initial is easily identified from the cells around by its densely cytoplasm, bigger and apparent nucleus and lower vacuolization.

油细胞原始细胞因其细胞质染色较深、细胞核大且明显以及液泡化程度较低而易与周围的组织细胞相区别。

Oil cell initials are easily identified from the tissue arounded by their densely cytoplasm, bigger and apparent nucleus and low vacuolization.

油细胞原始细胞因其细胞质染色较深、细胞核大而明显及液泡化程度低而易与周围组织细胞分辨。

Dense cytoplasm with abundant mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulums, multivesicular bodies, vesicles and plastids were observed in normal light intensity.

在正常光照下的伴胞具有致密的细胞质，内含丰富的线粒体、内质网、多泡体、囊泡和质体，而弱光下的伴胞明显液泡化，同时含有少量的线粒体和内质网。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。