液泡

The results show that the normal process begins with archesporial cell and undergoes stages of primary and secondary sporogenous cell,microspore mother cell,dyad,tetrad,central nucleus microspore,vacuolated microspore,mature microspore,twocell pollen and threecell mature pollen.

对平流层辐射处理SP3谷子和对照CK3谷子雄性细胞发育的研究表明，雄性细胞正常发育过程从孢原细胞开始，经初生造孢细胞、次生造孢细胞、小孢子母细胞、二分体、四分体和单核小孢子中央期、单核小孢子液泡期、单核小孢子成熟期直到二细胞花粉、三细胞成熟花粉结束。

The ultrastructure characters of pollen grain in Brassica napus are:1There are vacuoles in cytoplasm but no starch grain in uniceelluar pollengrain.2The veget- ative nucleus of bicellular pollen grain is generally spheroidal;while the generative cell is spinde-shaped,with a big nucleus,thin layer of cytoplasmand few cell orgens,no cell wall.3In three-celled pollen grain the sperm cell is separated from the cytoplasm of vegetative cell by two layers of plasmic membrances.

Brassica napus的花粉粒，在不同发育时期超微结构的特征如下：1单胞花粉粒有一个球形的细胞核和明显的核仁，细胞质内出现液泡，缺少典型的淀粉粒。2双胞花粉粒的营养核多为球形。生殖细胞纺锤形，无细胞壁，细胞核比例大，细胞质呈薄层，细胞器少。3三胞花粉粒有一个裂片状的营养核和两个纺锤形的精细胞，精细胞无壁，以两层质膜与营养细胞的细胞质相隔。

Tapetum cells degenerated and only ER small vesieles were the visible organelle at the 2—celled pollen stage.

绒毡层在小孢子液泡化中期开始退化，开始退化的绒毡层表现为内质网腔膨大，核周腔增大，核孔数增加。

NaCl and iso-osmotic PEG had inhibitory effect on the germination of two halophytic seeds, and the inhibitory level of PEG was greater than that of iso-osmotic NaCl. Inhibitory effects of NaCl and water stress mainly showed lowering the seed germination rate, delaying initial time of seed germination and extending the time of seed germination.

本研究从生理和分子角度对其耐盐性进行了初步的探讨，开展这两种盐生植物耐盐相关基因的克隆及盐爪爪液泡膜上多个耐盐相关基因的遗传工程，为作物和林木的遗传改良奠定坚实的理论和实验基础。

The immature stage pointed to the development of SE before vacuole membrane was ruptured.In this stage,the cell radial expanding,cell wall incrassation,sieve element plastid and P-protein producing of SE occurred.

未成熟期是指筛管液泡膜破裂之前筛管的发育阶段，在这一时期内出现了细胞的径向扩展、壁的增厚以及筛管质体和P-蛋白质的产生。

Wethink plasma membrane infolding was the phenomena of cold resistant plant,the emergence ofstructure looked like vacuole was the key to promote plant cold resistance.

本文认为质膜内陷和液泡状结构的出现是抗寒植物对低温的一种适应性表现。

Specific primers were designed according to gene NHX1 of Limonium gmelinii published on NCBI. Then, the gene was cloned by means of RT-PCR. Eukaryotic expression vector pCAM-BIA1301-NHX1 had been constructed, then transformed into tomato by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method. Transgenic tomatos were obtained.

根据NCBI公布的大叶补血草NHX1基因序列设计特异性引物，经RT-PCR方法克隆得到大叶补血草液泡膜Na/H逆向转运蛋白基因NHX1，构建植物融合表达载体pCAMBIA1301-NHX1，重组质粒通过农杆菌介导转化番茄，经PCR和RT-PCR鉴定，获得转基因番茄植株。

Plants possess a unique process of PCD execution that depends on vacuolar lytic function.

一般认为动、植物的PCD有很大的相似性，但植物发育过程也有着独特的PCD机制，例如依靠有裂解功能的液泡来参与PCD。

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease , one of the most common monogenetic human disorders, is characterized by the formation and progressive expansion of multiple cystic lesions, which compromise the function of normal renal parenchyma and lead to nearly 10％ of cases of end-stage renal failure in adults.

中文题名角质细胞生长因子在ADPKD肾囊肿组织中的表达及对囊肿衬里上皮细胞增殖作用的研究副题名外文题名 Expression of keratinocyte growth factor in ADPKD cystic tissue and effect of proliferation on ADPKD cyst-lining epitheliar cells 论文作者刘沙勤导师梅长林朱有华教授学科专业内科学研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位第二军医大学学位授予日期2002 论文页码总数104页关键词角质细胞生长因子肾病囊肿衬里上皮细胞株肾囊肿馆藏号BSLW /2003 /R692 /1 ADPKD是人类为之付出昂贵代价的一种全身性遗传性疾病，是引起慢性肾功能衰竭的第四位病因，在临床上以肾脏满布大小不一并不断增大的囊性液泡、最终引起肾功能进行性损害为特征性的改变。

Glucosinolates and myrosinase are present in the vacuoles and in the de finite protosome in intact cell and tissues respectively. but when tissues and c ells are damaged, myrosinase will release and hydrolyze glucosinolates to genera te degraded products, such as isothiocyanates and so on.

在完整的植物中，硫代葡萄糖苷存在于细胞的液泡中，葡萄糖硫苷酶存在于特定的蛋白体中，两者相互分离，但当组织和细胞受到损伤时，葡萄糖硫苷酶就会被释放出来，葡萄糖硫苷酶将硫代葡萄糖苷水解，产生异硫代氰酸盐等降解产物。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。