液晶

Proposed a new method of determining the cell thickness and the twist angle of twisted nematic liquid crystal cells, a quarter-wave plate was inserted between the liquid crystal cell and the analyzer, a stepper motor rotated the Retarder by , and measured the light intensity of every modulated point, solved the stokes parameters of polarization light exiting from the liquid crystal cell using Fourier analysis method, thereby determining the cell thickness and the twist angle.

本文提出了一种测量扭曲向列相液晶盒盒厚与扭曲角的新方法，在液晶盒和检偏器之间放置四分之一波片，通过旋转此四分之一波片，测量各个调制点的光强，用傅里叶分析法计算线偏振光穿过液晶盒后的stokes矢量，从而求出液晶盒盒厚以及扭曲角。

This thesis demonstrates the pre-polymers in a polymer-dispersed cholesteric liquid crystals can be polymerized into a polymer film, which can eliminate the aligning capability of the homogeneous alignment layer. Thereafter, the textures of the cholesteric liquid crystals in UV-cured region can be changed from reflective planar texture to the scattered focal conic one. Additionally, the clearing temperature of the liquid crystals can be reduced by doping with chiral dopant or monomers. The cause is the increase of the impurity concentration in LCs. In other words, if the monomers are polymerized, the clearing temperature of LCs in that region should increase due to the decrease of the impurity concentration. Therefore, impurities associated with doping with monomeric and chiral dopants cause the clearing temperature of LCs in cured region to differ from that in uncured region.

本文中，我们提出在高分子聚合物薄膜之胆固醇液晶(polymer-dispersed cholesteric liquid crystals，简称PDCLCs)中，利用紫外光使PDCLC中的单体聚合成薄膜，此即为光引致聚合反应，而该薄膜将原本在表面所作的配向膜覆盖且破坏其配向能力，使胆固醇液晶由原本反射的planar结构转换成散射的focal conic结构；另外，有关液晶材料的相变温度会由於掺杂手性分子或单体而降低，此因液晶材料内『杂质』浓度增加，而造成的液晶材料之不纯度增加，最终导致相变温度降低，若搭配上述光引致聚合反应，则由於光照区之单体聚合，使该区域单体占总材料之比例下降，即不纯度降低，进而使液晶材料之相变温度上升，该区域之相变温度与未照光区有所不同。

First, a series of liquid crystal polymers with different amounts of cholesterol mesogens and ferroelectric property are synthesized in this research. The structures of the compound synthesized are confirmed by IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The thermal properties are characterized by DSC, POM. In this research, the 3-D molecular arrangement of molecular were measured by Polarization Modulation-Attenuated Total Reflection-Flourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (PM-ATR-FTIR).

中文摘要本研究分成两个部分，第一部分为合成铁电性液晶及胆固醇液晶，以FTIR及 1H-NMR来鉴定化合物的结构，并以POM观察其液晶特有的光学纹路，用DSC来观察矽氧烷类液晶的液晶相的热转移温度并利用偏光-衰减全反射-傅立叶转换红外线光谱仪(Polarization Modulation-Attenuated Total Reflection – Flourier Transform Infrared)来探讨矽氧烷类液晶分子的三度空间排列。

COMAPIL-AMF25C an integrated generator controller, the motor pool protection LCD temperature hydraulic liquid crystal display, liquid crystal display battery voltage. speed liquid crystal display and operation of power generating units into a multifunctional LCD display controller parameters. and automatic button activated a hand in turmoil, with automatic start function RS232 communication interface with the PC and pass directly linked to its Remote Computer Starter Group. the following functions

COMAPIL-AMF25C是一个综合的发电机组控制器，集合了发动机保护，温度液晶显示，油压液晶显示，电池电压液晶显示，速度液晶显示和发电机组运行电力参数液晶显示为一体的多功能控制器，提供了手动荡不安启动和自动按钮，配有自动启动功能，并能通过RS232通讯接口直接与PC相联，实现其远程计算机起动机组。

By using temperature transducer to test for step response, its curve goes well with the solation of classical analytics.

而液晶是夹在两块平板玻璃中间的，即处在液晶盒的内层；另外对液晶的温度测量实际上应该测量液晶屏的中央点温度，但传感器是不允许处于液晶

The longer fluorinatd alkyl chain on the three-ring was advantageous to the formation of smectic phase. The mesogens with chiral center located between fluorinated tail and mesogenic core exhibited chiral smectic C phase and other smectic phases when the alkoxyl adhering to the other side of the mesogenic core was of intermediate length.

三环系液晶化合物中较长的氟烷基边链有利于近晶相的形成，且当液晶核另一端的烷氧基链的长度适中时，在氟烷基边链和液晶核之间具有手性中心的液晶分子显示了手性近晶C相和其它液晶相。

The results can be expressed as follows:(1) With the increase of water phase content, the amine salt aggregated orderly in different forms such as W/O micro-emulsion, nodus-knot catenulate aggregates, layer liquid crystal and O/W micro-emulsion.(2) In layer liquid crystal, SO〓 mainly combined with amine salt cation by two oxygen atoms in bridge.(3) In UV-VIS spectrum of layer L. C., there is an absorption about 500 nm and "light short circuit"appeared about 430 nm. These phenomena may be very important for measuring the distance between the layers of the L.

研究发现该体系随水相含量的增加，胺盐发生不同形式的有序缔合，分别形成了W/O型微乳液、&节-结&型链状缔合体、层状液晶和O/W型微乳液：在层状液晶中，SO〓主要以桥式双齿配位形式存在，中性胺分子有利于体系中液晶的形成；层状液晶于500nm波长处有一吸收峰，在430nm附近发生&光短路&现象，该现象可能对测定层状液晶的层间距有重要意义。

In addition, molecular orientation behaviors induced by shearing, electric field and magnetic field were investigated. The space group of the monomers A3EO7 and A9EO7 were determined as P2〓2〓2 and P112/m by means of electron diffraction and X-ray diffraction. Liquid crystalline properties of the monomer and the polymer were studied using DSC, variable X-ray diffraction, TEM and polarized optical microscope. Both monomers exhibit monotropic liquid crystalline behavior, and they also give a metastable phase on the cooling process. The polymer PA9EO7 shows enantiotropic liquid crystalline properties. Thus the rigid polymer backbone is not a fatal defect that completely distorts the packing arrangement of the mesogenic moiety in the side chain liquid crystalline polyacetylene.

结合电子衍射倾转方法和粉末X射线衍射技术，确定了两个液晶小分子A3EO7和A9EO7的晶胞参数和空间群，采用Cerius〓模拟软件，运用分子模拟的方法给出了小分子在晶胞中的排列方式；利用DSC、变温X射线衍射技术和透射电子显微镜研究了小分子和聚合物的液晶态，单体A3EO7和A9EO7表现出单向液晶性质，并且在降温过程中都表现出一个亚稳液晶相或亚稳结晶相，聚合物PA9EO7具有双向液晶性；采用偏光显微镜和X射线平板照相技术，研究了剪切和电场对聚合物分子取向的影响，在不同的液晶态，剪切作用对聚合物PA9EO7具有不同的诱导取向结果，直流电场可以诱导聚合物联苯液晶基元沿施加电场方向取向。

Based on the laser longitudinal mode splitting theory, a novel scheme of dual-frequency laser with large frequency-difference is presented using electrically controlled birefringence of liquid crystal, and the transmitted resonant mode splitting by birefringent of Fabry-Perot etalon has been analyzed theoretically. A new element of liquid crystal Fabry-Perot etalon is designed and fabricated, which serves as aselector and splitter of both laser longitudinal modes and Fabry-Perot etalons transmitted resonant modes. Two different experimental systems of laser-diode end-pumped Nd:YAG laser have been set up using two different LDs, and the transmission of liquid-crystal cell have been measured. When the empty LCFP is inserted in the cavity of high-power LD pumped Nd:YAG laser, the oscillation of a single laser longitudinal mode have been observed, such a result shows that the designed and fabricated LCFP element is capable of selecting single axial mode. While an anti-reflected liquid crystal cell is inserted in the cavity of Nd:YAG laser end-pumped by the high-power LD, it is difficult to confirm weather the laser longitudinal modes have been spitted or not. The subject is summarized in this thesis and the improvement of the project has been presented.

论文以激光纵模的分裂理论为基础，提出了可望获得几十GHz甚至上百GHz的液晶电控双折射双频Nd：YAG激光器的总体方案，并对用双折射效应分裂F-P标准具透射谐振模进行了理论分析；设计并加工了一种集激光纵模选择、激光纵模分裂和F-P标准具谐振透射模分裂于一体的多功能元件——液晶电控双折射F-P标准具；建立了两种不同功率激光二极管端面泵浦的Nd：YAG激光实验系统，并对液晶盒的透射性质进行了测试；将未灌注液晶的空液晶F-P摘要标准具插入大功率LD泵浦Nd：、叭G激光谐振腔内，观察到了单纵模激光输出，说明所设计和加工的液晶F一P标准具具有纵模选择能力；将镀有增透膜的液晶盒插入大功率LD泵浦Nd八7AG激光谐振腔内，是否产生了激光纵模分裂现象还难以确定。

E. OCB mode LCD elements . Then,we added bi-functional powder and LC E7 in the bulk copolymer of Poly Acrylic Acid and EOPO,then poured the LC solution,and exposed it with 5V voltages under ultraviolet radiation. Finally,we observed the changing phenomena of the planar display of OCB cell with additional external voltage under polarized microscopy . It can be observe obviously the polymer wall in OCB cell when NO.4 LC solution having concentration of 3％ wt . At the same time,the polymer which didn't sheltered by mask will polymerize,then,lead LC into high inclined angle alignment. And it formed discontinuous structure along mask affected LC which surrounded the wall. The results measured by photoelectric instruments showed the discontinuous structure not only keeps the inner LC structure at twist mode,but also promotes the originated respond-velocity of OCB.

然后利用聚丙烯酸与EOPO之团聚共聚合物，添加双官能基粉体及液晶E7，制备成液晶溶液再注入液晶盒里，放置光罩并给予固定外加5V电压在UV下进行曝光，然后在偏光显微镜下外加电压观察液晶盒的平面显示变化现象，发现四号高分子的液晶溶液在3%时，可以明显观察未被光罩遮蔽的高分子将会聚合形成高分子格子结构，并造成液晶成高倾角排列，顺著光罩形成不连续的结构藉以影响墙周围的液晶，从光电量测结果显示，利用此种不连续结构不仅可将内部液晶结构维持在twist的状态，也成功提升OCB原有的响应速度。

They weren't aggressive, but I yelled and threw a rock in their direction to get them off the trail and away from me, just in case.

他们没有侵略性，但我大喊，并在他们的方向扔石头让他们过的线索，远离我，以防万一。

In slot 2 in your bag put wrapping paper, quantity does not matter in this case.

在你的书包里槽2把包装纸、数量无关紧要。