涌浪

Then the computing method of water level surge of air cushion surge chamber is acquired.

从而得到气垫式调压室的水位涌浪的计算办法。

The bimodality appeared at high frequency which depends on the method used may be a false phenomenon, and which appeared at low frequency of swell can be attributed to the too weak nonlinear interaction between waves to transfer energy among different directions effectively.

高频域出现的双峰方向分布不仅依赖于估计方法，而且受到使用不恰当频散关系的影响，因此它可能是一种物理假象，但涌浪低频域的双峰方向分布随非线性度的减小出现的比率增大，可以由非线性相互作用过弱，不同方向之间不能有效传递能量来解释。

The result shows that, with less effect on differential performance, surge amplitude, and decay rate of the surge tank, the arrangement of interconnecting holes at rational positions with proper sizes can effectively decrease the differential pressure on breast wall (from over 30 m down to 20 m below) and ensure the safe operation of the surge tank, and it is beneficial to gate control.

结果表明，在保证了调压室的差动性能、涌浪幅度和衰减速度的同时，在胸墙上设置位置和尺寸合理的连通孔，可以有效降低胸墙结构承受的压差，由超过30m的较大压差降低至20m以下，保证调压室的安全稳定运行，且有利于闸门的控制。

Based on the differential surge tank commonly used in long-distance diversion hydropower stations, in which interconnecting holes with rational cross sectional area were arranged at different elevations of breast wall between outer chamber and gate shaft used as a riser, a study was made on the influences of interconnecting holes on the differential performance and differential pressure of the surge tank, and further surge analysis was performed through a case study.

对于长引水式水电站常用的差动式调压室，分析了其兼作升管的闸门井和大井之间的胸墙在不同高程上布置的面积合理的连通孔，对调压室的差动性能和压差的影响，并结合实际算例进行涌浪分析。

And the ground swell , that is and was from the beginning

且那涌浪，现在如此，而且从开始就如此

The ground swell in Maji Shan harbour is heavy due to south wind.

南风时，马迹山港内涌浪较大，靠泊船要加防止断缆。

Combined with the surge-chamber ground swell calculation of some plants, get the numerical value of the influence of the superimposition and the superpose time; From the calculation of the plate pressure difference of the throttled surge chamber, analyze the numerical value of the influence of the superimposition on it.Chapter 5: Based on the analytic calculation of water hammer, indicate the linear pressure distribution in the diversion pipe system and the calculation operation of its maximum numerical value, combined with some project instances, analyze the the influence of the superimposition on it behind and before the surge-chamber.Chapter 6: Summarize the whole paper, and present the future research directions and emphasis.

结合具体电站的调压室涌浪计算，得到波动叠加带来的影响大小及叠加时间；并从阻抗式调压室底板压差的计算出发，分析波动叠加对底板压差的影响大小及叠加时间；第5章，在前人对水击压力的解析计算的基础上，阐述水电站引水发电系统中水击压力分布及其最大压力对应的计算工况，结合工程实例，分析调压室前后，波动叠加对沿程压力分布的影响及其大小；第6章，总结全文，提出今后研究的重点和方向。

This paper analyze and study the influence of the superimposition in depth based on the previous achievements and combined with the theoretical qualitative analysis and project instances. The main contents as follow:Chapter 1: Indicate the significance and objective of this paper, review the previous achievements of the transient process and superimposition, and then present the study purpose of this paper.Chapter 2: combined with the physic knowledge of the fluctuation and the superimposition, Indicate the physical essences and the influence of the superimposition phenomena that exist in the diversion pipe system, and take one hydraulic turbine owning only one diversion tunnel and two hydraulic turbines sharing one tailrace conduit for instance to study out the numerical calculation superimpose operations.Chapter 3: From the calculation theory of the parameter of the guaranty calculation of regulation of the hydro-turbine, qualitative analyze the influence of the superimposition on them and the superpose time, combined with some project instances, get the numerical value of the influence of the superimposition and the superpose time.Chapter 4: Based on the previous achievements of the calculation and theoretical analysis of the surge-chamber ground swell, analyze the influence of the superimposition on it and the superpose time.

本文在前人研究成果的基础上，结合理论定性分析及工程实例，对波动叠加带来的影响进行深入分析研究，其主要内容如下：第1章，指出本文研究的意义和目的，回顾前人对水电站过渡过程及波动叠加方面的有关研究成果，在此基础上提出本文的研究内容；第2章，结合物理学中有关振动与波动叠加方面的有关知识，阐述水电站引水发电系统中存在的波动现象的实质及其影响，并以两机一洞和一机一洞具有上游调压室或下游调压室的水电站拟定其数值计算叠加工况；第3章，从机组调保参数的理论出发，定性的分析波动叠加对机组调保参数的不利影响及叠加时间，结合几个工程实例，得到波动叠加带来的影响大小及叠加时间；第4章，在前人对调压室涌浪进行计算和理论分析的基础上，分析波动叠加对调压室涌浪的影响及其叠加时间。

It observed elements of the marine environment are:(1) physical parameters, such as water temperature, salinity, currents, tide, wave and so on;(2) weather station network-related physics parameters, such as sea surface wind, temperature and dew point, pressure, sea ice, wind and waves and swell;(3) other parameters, such as solar radiation and rainfall;(4) non-physical parameters, such as pollution physical, chemical and biological parameters such as volume.

它所观测的海洋环境要素主要有：（1）物理学参量，如海水温度、盐度、海流、潮位、波浪等；（2）与天气站网有关的物理学参量，如海面风、气温及露点、气压、海冰、风浪和涌浪；（3）其他参量，如太阳辐射和降雨量；（4）非物理参量，如污染物质、化学和生物量参量等。

The proposed method can reduce the capacity requirement of the serial coupling transformer, and increase the power density of the compensator system.

以涌浪抑制控制法虽可消除串联变压器之涌浪电流，同时亦会降低补偿器起始之暂态输出电压，然而若可有效抑制涌浪电流，得以额定容量较小之串联变压器，达到串联式电压骤降补偿器之设计要求，同时可减少补偿器之重量，降低成本。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。