消费的

The results shows that the two-way lead-lag cointegrating price relationship between milkfish wholesale and retail prices. Since the fish wholesale market could not completely and quickly assimilate the retail market information, the speed of wholesale price response to retail price changes is relatively slow, inducing the low pricing efficiency .

研究结果指出虱目鱼生产批发与消费零售价格间具有显著双向因果价格共整合关系，但生产批发价格因应於消费零售价格变动表现出较弱的价格感应度，其反应消费零售交易资讯比较不易完整且快速地传递到生产批发市场，因而造成生产批发市场相较於消费零售市场呈现较低决价效率。

Stressing on "fine reputation","quality","service","credit","practice", not only the grandeur.④Encouraging the innovation, not the unearthliness, playing down the effect of entertainment stars or idols, decreasing the fashion index.⑤"personality" is not the "self central". Social sense of responsibility and interpersonal "feeling of affinity" are both intensified.3.1.2 Factor analysis, revealing 19 value element vectors, which include "comfort","personality","simple","fine reputation","responsibility","service","price","wisdom","distinction","enthusiasm","stimulation","taste","sex difference","quality","vigor","idol","fashion","affinity","aesthetic" and so on. Four orientation diagrams coordinated with the average factors and the standard deviations of these 19 value elements, described the multi directional value orientation structure for China college students' sportswear consumption.3.1.3 Clustering analysis are applied to classify the former 19 value elements, which discovered that three inferior group are classified from the college students' consumption group based on the whole specimen data. It could be the reference of enterprise brand building for the orientation of consumption values.3.2 General personal values, self conception and demographic are lead into as three major variables for the interrelationship analysis of sportswear consumption value system.3.2.1 Firstly, the college students having their general values and existing the inferior group feature regarding to the consumption values.

三、研究的主要成果及其意义对中国大学生休闲服消费价值体系进行探索性分析1、首先对中国大学生休闲服消费价值观量化问卷所调查的样本数据进行频数统计趋向性分析，发现呈现的主要特点有：(1)"个性化"和"简约"已成为潮流，而寻"刺激"、找"激情"总体收敛；(2)追求"美感"，更不放弃"舒适"，两者兼得才是完美；(3)重"美誉"、讲"质量"，重"服务"、讲"信用"，求实际、不求高贵，"明智"有素；(4)求新不求怪异，明星、偶像效应淡化、时尚指数不高；(5)"个性化"不是"唯我化"，社会责任感和人际"亲和力"在强化。2、其次对样本数据进行因子分析，揭示出以"舒适"、"个性"、"简约"、"美誉"、"责任"、"服务"、"价格"、"明智"、"独特"、"激情"、"刺激"、"品位"、"性差"、"质量"、"活力"、"偶像"、"时尚"、"亲和"和"美感"等十九个价值元素为矢量的休闲服消费价值体系，并以因子均值和标准差为参数勾画出19个价值元素坐标四方位图，从总体上描述了中国大学生休闲服消费多维的价值取向结构。3、再者进行聚类分析，对上述十九个休闲服消费价值元素作不同量值的分类，发现在样本总量中可以细分为有较大区分度的三个类别，呈现出大学生消费群体中存在休闲服消费价值体系不同的亚群体，可为以消费价值观为取向的企业品牌价值定位提供参考基谱。

Only finding out the rule of the consumption structure change and mastering the hotspot of the consumption demand, the government could supply a good policy environment and lead the consumers to increase the consumption effectively; the consumption structure and industry structure could be unisonous and the national economy could develop steadily and healthily at last.

从理论角度讲，消费需求的具体内容主要体现在消费结构上，要增加居民消费，就要从研究居民消费结构入手，只有了解居民消费结构变化的趋势和规律，掌握消费需求的热点和发展方向，才能为消费者提供良好的政策环境，引导消费者合理扩大消费，才能促进产业结构调整与消费结构优化升级相协调，才能推动国民经济平稳、健康发展。

Consumption on credit must be expanded, consumption policies must be optimizedand the consumption climate must be improved. To adapt to changes in consumpt

发展消费信贷，完善消费政策，改善消费环境；适应消费结构的变化，扩大服务消费领域

Essential requests: comprehending the basic concept and theories of consumer psychology, the general law of consumer's psychological activity and personal characters, perfectly and truly know the consumer's behavior which bases on psychology, understand such some important problems of market economy as consumer's psychology with advertisement, consumer's psychology with wares, consumer's psychology with prices, consumer's psychology with saving and investment, and for the more, definitize the psychological reasons of consumptive behavior, make proper management strategy and elevate the management level.

基本要求：了解消费心理学的概念、基本理论，消费者的心理活动和个性特征等一般规律，对在心理学基础上形成的消费行为学有较完整、准确的认识。理解当今市场经济中消费心理与广告、消费心理与商品、消费心理与价格、消费心理与储蓄和投资这些重要问题，从而明确消费行为的心理依据，制定恰当的经营策略，提高管理水平。

Business School of Wuhan Universty, Wuhan 430072, ChinaAbstract : In this paper , we present an equilibrium model of asset pricing. The basic model considers a production economy of two classes of investors with habits formations: one class have "internal habit" such as those in Constantinides (1990) and Sundaresan(1989), habit depends on an agent's own consumption and the agent takes account of this when choosing how much to consume; the other class have "external habit" such as those in Abel(1990) and Campbell and Cochrane(1991), habit depends on aggregate consumption that is unaffected by any one agent's decisions.

本文建立一种拥有两类投资者的模型：一类具有Constantinides(1990)和Sundaresan(1989)模型中的&内在性消费习惯&，该习惯依赖于其自身的消费，投资者在进行消费选择时均要考虑内在消费习惯的影响；另一类具有Abel(1990)、Campbell和Cochrane (1999)模型中的&外在性消费习惯&，该习惯依赖于总的消费水平但不影响消费决策。

The paper point out the problems of the consumption structure of Yanbian urban residents through studying it: the percent of food consumption expenditure is relatively large; the consumption structure between people who have different income have great difference; compared with the developed areas in our china,the consumption structure of Yanbian is different; the percent of residents savings deposits is relatively large;Meanwhile, through studying the consumption structure of Yanbian urban residents, we also can fina that:The overall income level of residents is low; Distribution gap of income is too large; industrial structure is unbalance; population aging and unharmony of the consumption environment and so on ,which is the fundamental reason why caused these problems.

本文通过对延边城镇居民消费结构的研究，指出城镇居民消费结构中存在的问题：食品消费支出中的粮食消费支出偏大；不同收入群体消费结构差异较大；与发达地区消费结构差异较大；居民储蓄存款比例偏大。并且通过分析发现：居民整体收入水平偏低；收入分配差距过大；产业结构失衡；人口老年化和消费环境不和谐等因素，是引起这些问题的根本原因。

Facing to the various problems which exist in the present consumption territory in our country, we should take some effective measures which are as folio whig: opposing consumerism, adjusting and epitomizing the consumption structure, encouraging and instructing people to house and investment consumption, paying great attention to the education of consumption, striving to solve the shortage in poor and rural areas, advocating the simple and serene living model.

针对我国目前消费领域中存在的种种问题，必须采取有效措施予以遏制。这些措施主要有：坚决反对消费主义；调整优化消费结构；鼓励和引导人们进行住房消费和投资性消费；重视对消费者的消费教育；努力解决农村落后地区的消费不足问题；倡导简静的生活方式。

Drawing support from the theory of value clarification advanced by American scholar Louise Raths, the article considers the governments,the communities, people's organizations, enterprises and the press must play their roles and give practical and effective consumption education in addition to schools and families.

我们的调查研究基于对家庭消费生活方式在消费意识、消费水平、消费结构、消费教育观念等方面可能对青少年产生影响的

As a new consumer group, urban youth pay attention to the quality of consumption, own a strong sense of self-consumption, and get conspicuous consumption goals, are subjected to advertisement greatly, and brand consumer awareness grows.

城市青少年作为新兴的消费群体，他们注重品质消费，自主消费意识强、目标性消费突出，受广告影响大，品牌消费意识呈上升趋势。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。