消毒

Abstract］ objective for the purpose of scientific evaluation and improvement on unreasonable parameter of viral inactivation,the dynamics curve of time corresponding to effect by given viral inactivation factor treated to blood plasma product were analyzed.methods aimed at vesicular stomatitis virus, sindbis virus, human immunodeficiency virus, polioviruses, pseudorabies virus,encephalon-yocarditis virus; validate data of viral inactivated on pasteurization of albumin, human rabies immunoglobulin with ph 4, human immunoglobulin and human hepatitis b immunoglobulin for intravenous injection with ph 4/pasteurization,treatment on human fibrinogen and human coagulation factor ⅷ with solvent/detergent and vapor heating at 100 ℃30 min were systemic regularized respectively.the mean and standard deviation also coefficient of variation for virus survival titer in different time were stated, dynamics curve of virus inactivation were made and analyzed.results human albumin pasteurization inactivated vsv and sindbis virus,hrig low ph inactivated vsv and sindbis virus,hrig low ph inactivated hiv virus,ivig low ph/pasteurization inactivated hiv virus,ivig low ph inactivated hiv virus,hbig low ph/pasteurization inactivated vsv,sindbis and polio virus.conclusion suggestion about improvement on unreasonable parameter and standard of virus inactivation is made,cultivate target virus directly from final product by appropriate cell or method to monitoring viral safety of blood plasma product is advanced.

目的 分析血液制品特定灭活因子的时效动力学曲线，科学性地评价与改进不合理的病毒灭活参数。方法系统性整理针对水疱性口炎病毒、黄热病毒、脊髓灰质炎病毒、伪狂犬病毒、脑心肌炎病毒、人类免疫缺陷病毒，人血白蛋白采用巴氏消毒法，狂犬病人免疫球蛋白采用低ph常温孵放法，静注人免疫球蛋白、静注人乙肝免疫球蛋白采用低ph/巴氏消毒法；人纤维蛋白原、人凝血因子ⅷ采用有机溶剂/去污剂与干热法灭活病毒的验证资料，统计3批样品多个取样点的残余病毒滴度均值、标准差与变异系数，制作灭活病毒动力曲线图并进行分析。结果人血白蛋白巴氏灭活vsv与sindbis病毒，hrig低ph灭活vsv和sindbis病毒，hrig低ph灭活hiv病毒，ivig低ph/巴氏灭活hiv病毒，ivig低ph灭活hiv病毒，hbig低ph/巴氏灭活vsv、sindbis与polio病毒。结论建议改进病毒灭活验证标准与不合理的灭活参数；采用终产品样品通过合适细胞或方法直接培养目标病毒来有效监测血液制品的病毒安全性。

Methods Aimed at vesicular stomatitis virus, sindbis virus, human immunodeficiency virus, polioviruses, pseudorabies virus,encephalon-yocarditis virus; validate data of viral inactivated on pasteurization of albumin, human rabies immunoglobulin with pH 4, human immunoglobulin and human hepatitis B immunoglobulin for intravenous injection with pH 4/pasteurization,treatment on human fibrinogen and human coagulation factor Ⅷ with solvent/detergent and vapor heating at 100 ℃30 min were systemic regularized respectively.The mean and standard deviation also coefficient of variation for virus survival titer in different time were stated, dynamics curve of virus inactivation were made and analyzed.

系统性整理针对水疱性口炎病毒、黄热病毒、脊髓灰质炎病毒、伪狂犬病毒、脑心肌炎病毒、人类免疫缺陷病毒，人血白蛋白采用巴氏消毒法，狂犬病人免疫球蛋白采用低pH常温孵放法，静注人免疫球蛋白、静注人乙肝免疫球蛋白采用低pH/巴氏消毒法；人纤维蛋白原、人凝血因子Ⅷ采用有机溶剂/去污剂与干热法灭活病毒的验证资料，统计3批样品多个取样点的残余病毒滴度均值、标准差与变异系数，制作灭活病毒动力曲线图并进行分析。

Abstract］ objective to understand the medical institutions in the use of pressure steam sterilizer in the effect and the influencing factor,explore regulatory measures.methods with the spot investigation and scene examination,3mtmattest pressure steam sterilization and biological indicator train was used to monitor the effectiveness of disinfection.results in the monitoring of the 238 chinese medical institutions equipped with pressure steam sterilizer 337 units,the sterilization rate was 95.2%,medical institutions had different levels of disinfection and sterilization equipment,a large gap was between the level of management,equipment failure,non-standard operation,operator training without sterilization were the main reasons for failure.conclusion in medical establishment with the pressure steam sterilizer,antiseptic qualified rate is not too high,strengthening the pressure steam sterilizer purchase card management,standardizing the operation,stepping up supervision are the key to increase pressure steam sterilizer sterilization effect.

目的 了解医疗机构使用中压力蒸汽灭菌器使用效果及影响因素，探讨监管措施。方法采取现场调查及现场检测相结合的方法，采用3mtmattest压力蒸汽灭菌生物培养指示剂进行消毒效果监测。结果在监测的238家医疗机构中共有压力蒸汽灭菌器337台，灭菌合格率为95.2%，各级医疗机构对消毒灭菌设备的管理程度差距较大。设备发生故障、操作不规范、操作人员未经培训等是造成灭菌不合格的主要原因。结论医疗机构使用中压力蒸汽灭菌器灭菌合格率不高，加强对压力蒸汽灭菌器进货索证管理，规范操作，加大监管力度是提高压力蒸汽灭菌器灭菌效果的关键。

Objective This study aimed to investigate the disinfecting methods and results of using ultraviolet ray to shine over paper in close distance,so as to provide evidence for clinical use.

目的 研究紫外线近距离消毒纸张的方法和消毒效果，为临床上使用纸张用于治疗铺巾的可行性提供依据。

Methods Tooth marrow 3% oxygens water of 292 deads with bad inflammation clearance, bad deads flushes to add the way to pass,160 among those exampleses use the Ca2 root-canal disinfect to cure the set,132 AN is root-canal to disinfect for the matched control.

292例慢性根尖周炎清除坏死、坏疽的牙髓3%双氧水冲洗加窦道通过，其中160例用Ca2根管消毒治疗组，132例甲酚根管消毒为对照组。

With the aid of an assistant, the foot is inserted into a pillowcase, and the edges of the case are held together with a towel clip. To make a compact mass of these rather voluminous drapes, a sterile bandage is wrapped snugly from the toes proximally to the proximal edge of the towel and pillowcase. Alternatively, a sterile stockinette rolled from the toes to the groin can be used. The area over the knee is cut away as described in the section on draping the edges of the incision. The stockinette is then covered with a sterile bandage to just below the knee.

在助手帮助下将足插入枕套，枕套边缘由巾钳固定在一起，为使其紧凑，可用消毒绷带从足趾缠绕至治疗巾和枕套的近端边缘，也可改用消毒的弹力织物从足趾套至腹股沟，膝关节表面的织物应于切除，如同切口周围铺单中介绍的方法，这种弹力织物在膝关节以下的部分用无菌绷带缠绕固定，其余铺单方法与足部铺单相同。

With the aid of an assistant, the foot is inserted into a pillowcase, and the edges of the case are held together with a towel clip. To make a compact mass of these rather voluminous drapes, a sterile bandage is wrapped snugly from the toes proximally to the proximal edge of the towel and pillowcase. Alternatively, a sterile stockinette rolled from the toes to the groin can be used. The area over the knee is cut away as described in the section on draping the edges of the incision. The stockinette is then covered with a sterile bandage to just below the knee. The remainder of the drapes are placed as described for the foot.

在助手帮助下将足插入枕套，枕套边缘由巾钳固定在一起，为使其紧凑，可用消毒绷带从足趾缠绕至治疗巾和枕套的近端边缘，也可改用消毒的弹力织物从足趾套至腹股沟，膝关节表面的织物应于切除，如同切口周围铺单中介绍的方法，这种弹力织物在膝关节以下的部分用无菌绷带缠绕固定，其余铺单方法与足部铺单相同。

And not only good bactericidal effect of disinfecting its short, effective, but also non-irritating characteristics.

超微软酸化水用于胃镜消毒具有良好的杀菌效果，其具有消毒时间短，效果好，无刺激性等特点。

ABSTRACT Antiseptic resistance has arisen more and more attention, and the cross resistance between antiseptics and antibiotics is a great problem we focus on.

消毒防腐剂的耐药性已经越来越受到人们的重视，消毒防腐剂与抗生素之间存在的交叉耐药性值得关注。

This method for improving the rate of shipment, the rate of rearing and the index of productivity as a comprehensive evaluation each of poultry and breeding hen comprises feeding cattle, especially poultry and breeding hen with drinking water disinfected by chlorine dioxide and a chlorine dioxide agent and pouring disinfected water into a distribution water pipe so as to suppress formation of fur composed of lump of microorganism membrane, microorganism and its product each in the inner wall of the pipe.

提供一种明显改善运装速度，培养速度和生产率指数作为每头牛的综合评价方法，此法改进装运速度，培养速度，生产力指数作为每种家禽和生鸡鸡包括母牛，尤其是家禽和生蛋鸡饮用二氧化氯和二氧化氯剂消毒了的饮用水，灌注消毒水进入分配水管，以便压制微生肠膜和微生物在管壁内形成的软毛块。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失