消极主义

The thesis first cards the current thought of school management in primary and middle schools and from the cultural angle divides the various theories into three kinds:"the theory of scientific management" with the guidance of scientism, the theory of "behavioral science" with the guidance of humanism and the "theory of human relation management" with the guidance of ethicism. It briefly introduces their theoretic resources and main features respectively, analyses in detail their theoretic limitations and objectively points out their negative influence.

本文首先对当前中小学学校管理思想进行了梳理，从文化的角度将众多理论流派大体归并为三类：以科学主义为导向的"科学管理理论"，以人文主义为导向的"行为科学"理论，以伦理主义为导向的"人伦管理理论"，扼要介绍了各自的理论来源和主要特点；详细剖析了它们共同存在的理论局限性；客观地指出了其产生的消极影响。

We must use Marxism, which is positive in spirit, to overcome liberalism, which is negative.

我们要用马克思主义的积极精神，克服消极的自由主义。

In another hand, the effect of the negative thoughts were considered as relativism agnosticism, skeptical, transcendentalism, mentalism, mysticism and it becomes the object of criticism.

另一方面，老庄的消极思想的影响往往被看作是相对主义、不可知论、怀疑论、先验论、唯心主义、神秘主义等，从而成为批评的对象。

Furthermore,"Stimson Doctrine"is not the first time that US applied Nonrecognition Policy in Chinese affairs.

中国史学界长期以来对"史汀生声明"中包含的"不承认主义"政策基本上持否定态度，认为它是消极的外交政策②。

In October, 2003, an notification on exhaustively launching a learning and educating event for journalism line on the great spirit of "three representatives", Marxist news values, occupational ideas and occupational ethics was released jointly by the Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party Central Committee, the Main Office of Broadcasting Movie and Television, the General Administration of Journalism and Publication, and the All China Federation of Working Journalists which lays stress on "...prohibiting the negative and corruptive phenomena of news published or broadcast with consideration, illusive event and pseudo event, wave of vulgar and rubbishy advertisements which are aroused strong feelings among the masses."

2003年10月，中共中央宣传部、广播电影电视总局、新闻出版总署、中华全国新闻工作者协会联合发出的《关于在新闻战线深入开展"三个代表"重要思想、马克思主义新闻观、职业精神职业道德学习教育活动的通知》强调"特别要着力解决群众反映强烈的有偿新闻、虚假新闻、低俗之风、不良广告等消极腐败现象。"

In October,2003, an notification on exhaustively launching a learning and educating event for journalism on the great spirit of " three representatives ", Marxist news values, occupational ideas and occupational ethics was released by the Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party Central Committee, the Main Office of Broadcasting Movie and Television, the General Administration of Journalism and Publication, and the All China Federation of Working Journalists which lays stress on " prohibiting the negative and corruptive phenomena of news published or broadcast with consideration , illusive event and pseudo event, wave of vulgar and rubbishy advertisements which are aroused strong feelings among the masses."

2003年10月中宣部、广电总局、新闻出版总署发出《关于在新闻战线深入开展"三个代表"重要思想、马克思主义新闻观、职业精神职业道德学习教育活动的通知》，指出了"特别要着力解决群众反映强烈的有偿新闻、虚假新闻、低俗之风、不良广告等消极腐败现象"。

Transform negative factors into positive factors, remold the criminals into people who are good for the society.

把消极因素化为积极因素，把罪犯改造成为有利于社会的人，这是符合马克思主义解放全人类的伟大理想的。

Jesus was God Incarante ; Jesus died for our salvation; the resurrection proves the divinity of Jesus and verifies his salvific sacrifice'.

赎价的付清是消极的补偿，宇宙的秩序、人神的关系、创世的目的并不能在典范主义或安瑟伦的「满足」救赎论之下复和。

We of course can't deny the significance of transcendent asthetics and consumption asthetics. Because transcendent asthetics can give some critical proposal to the negative and had phenomenons in asthetic and art under market economic condition. Consumption asthetics possibly make some contribution to the research about connection between asthetic and consumption. But we should resolve a series of asthetic problem in the development of China socialism market economic realistically, historically and scientifically (expansively speaking, it's problem confronted by world contempory asthetics, including the connection between consumption and asthetic). We can't drop in some unrealistical and unhistorical fantasy, nor confused by temporary froth and illusion.We still need rely on the development of asthetics of Marxism practicing outlook nowadays.

我们当然不可否认&超越&美学及消费美学存在与发展的意义，因为&超越&美学可能对市场经济发展中，在审美与艺术方面出现的某些消极的、坏的现象提出某种批判的见解，消费美学也可能在研究消费与美的关系上作出某种贡献，但要现实地、历史地、科学地解决中国社会主义市场经济发展中出现的一系列美学问题（扩大开来说，也是当代世界美学面临的问题，包含消费与美的关系问题），既不堕入到各种非现实、非历史的玄想中去，也不为一时的泡沫、幻象所迷惑，仍然要依靠马克思主义实践观美学在当代的发展。

For France, Anti-Americanism may act as a double-edged sword : as for the positive effect, it can function as a foil against which French national identity is to be built; as for the negative effect, the overdriving of anti-Americanism may stymie the country's own reform and progress.

从效应上看，反美主义对于法国而言是一把&双刃剑&，其积极的一面在于：有助于在国力衰落的新形势下重新塑造法兰西的民族认同，而消极的一面在于：某种程度上阻碍了法兰西的变革和进步。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷