海马

The serum levels of TChE and SOD and CAT in hippocampus of mice in Cold group was also significantly higher than those in the Control group and Warm group(P 0.05或P 0.01),while the serum level of MDA in the Control group and Warm group were higher than that in the Cold group(P 0.05或P 0.01). Conclusion:(1)Long proper winter swimming could improve learning and memory abilities of mice.(2) Winter swimming could improve the ability of learning and memory by coordinate the content of acetylcholinesterase (3) This effect may be related to the decreased activity of TChE and the increased activity of anti-oxidatio.

1长期适量的冬泳运动可以促进小鼠学习记忆能力。2冬泳运动可以通过增加小鼠脑内海马组织中ACh的含量而影响TChE的活力。3冬泳运动促进学习记忆的机制可能是：3.1冬泳运动通过冷应激引起的神经内分泌系统的反应，来改变中枢神经系统的功能，使小鼠脑内乙酰胆碱的代谢增强、含量增加，从而促进学习记忆能力。3.2冬泳运动通过增强机体清除自由基的能力，来减轻脂质过氧化的程度，对小鼠的脑损伤起到保护作用，从而促进学习记忆能力。

In the experimental study section, the rats were divided into four groups, including the normal control, the model, the Piracetam, the QPC, and copied to AD model. After the treatment, we observed the effects on the AD rats' ability of leaning and memorizing, detecting the TChE activity in whole blood and the expression levels of the related biochemical indicators of As includeing GFAP、NGF and BDNF of the AD rats' brain hippocampus, then compared the QPC with other groups to reveal the mechanism of action of the QPC treating AD to bright.

在动物实验部分，我们通过塑造AD动物模型，设立正常对照组、模型组、脑复康组和强脾益智胶囊组，观察强脾益智胶囊对AD模型大鼠空间学习记忆能力的影响，检测AD大鼠全血、海马匀浆液中乙酰胆碱酯酶活性和通过免疫组化的方法检测胶质纤维酸性蛋白、神经生长因子、和脑源性神经营养因子的表达情况来反映星形胶质细胞的增值情况，以期揭示强脾益智胶囊对AD的治疗作用机理。

Mehods: After making the AD models by Aβ(subscript 1-42), draw the whole brain or hippocampus of rats in ordinary group, model group, traditional Chinese Medicine prevention group, traditional Chinese Medicine treatment group and positive control-group, and detect the biochemical marks of T-AOC, MDA, NO, NOS, chAT, TChE.

用凝聚态Aβ(下标 1-42)制备出AD模型后，取正常组、假损伤组、模型组、中药预防组、中药治疗组、阳性药物对照组各组大鼠的全脑或海马检测T-AOC、MDA、NO、NOS、chAT、TchE等指标。

The dynamic changes of endothelin-1 in cerebrospinal fluid , brain tissues and plasma and ET〓-RNA expression in hypothalamus, hippocampus and temporoparietal grey and white matters were observed by radioimmunoassay methods and spot hybridization respectively.

四、建立双后肢高速、低速投射物致伤犬应激模型，应用核酸斑点杂交和放射免疫分析法，检测分析致伤前及致伤后10min、1h、2h、6h、8h，对犬的脑组织、血浆、脑脊液中的ET〓（内皮素-1）含量及海马、丘脑下部、颞顶叶灰、白质中ET〓-RNA表达的动态。

Restults: 17 patients' seizurefoci were localized by MR and EEG examination ,among them l 0 patients have hippocampus sclerosis, 3 cases tephromalacia, 2cases arachnoid cyst, 1 case glioma.

结果：20例病例中17例依据MR及EEG获得定位，主要在海马区域病变12例，前颞叶5例，另3例MR检查正常，依据多次EEG检查获得定位，随访疗效满意。

It displays high radiouptake in thalamencephalon, midbrain, hippocampi and frontal lobe, the maximum values are 1.77, 1.78, 1.54 and 2.13 %ID respectively at about 1 hour after injection.

丘脑、中脑、海马和额叶表现出较高的放射性摄取，注药后约1h达到最大值(分别为1.77、1.78、1.54和2.13%ID)。

Results:① Neuroglobin-immunocreactive positive cells were detected in cortex, thalamencephalon, hippocampus, hypothalamus, cerebellum, brain stem and spinal cord;② Ngb-IR positive nerve cells were also detected in peripheral nervous system such as intramural ganglia, myelinated nerve fiber and retina;?Substantial Ngb protein expression was also found in metabolically active endocrine tissues such as the pituitary gland , adrenal gland and testis.?

结果：(1)在所观察的大脑皮质、海马、丘脑、下丘脑、脑干、小脑和脊髓神经细胞都出现Ngb蛋白免疫阳性反应，不同区域表达强度不同：(2)在外周神经系统的神经节、有髓神经纤维和视网膜也观察到Ngb免疫阳性反应；(3)垂体、肾上腺、睾丸也可见到Ngb-IR阳性细胞。

The varying of expression of Cfos in different phases and different brain tissue including caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, hippocampus, nuclei ventrolaterales thalami, parvocellular reticular nucleus, and dorso lateral magnocellular nucleus were examined by immunohistochemical technique.

采用Cfos免疫组化染色，在显微镜下观察Cfos于不同时相在脑膜、脑皮质区及相关核团如尾壳核、苍白球、海马、背侧丘脑腹后外侧核、小细胞网状核、背侧旁巨细胞核的阳性细胞数。

(1) Verification of the expressions of Cfos in caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, hippocamp, nuclei ventrolaterales thalami, parv ocellular reticular nucleus, dorso lateral magnocellular nucleus after rats subarachnoid hemorrhage are variation with different phases.(2) There are certain relationships between subarachnoid hemorrhage and different phases.

（1）大鼠蛛网膜下腔出血后不同时相Cfos在脑膜、脑皮质区及尾壳核、苍白球、海马、背侧丘脑腹后外侧核、小细胞网状核、背侧旁巨细胞核中都有表达且表达量随时相改变；（2）大鼠蛛网膜下腔出血后相关症状与不同时相Cfos在脑中表达之间存在着相关联系，具有规律性。

It indicated that when the midbrain reticular formation induced cortical desynchronization through the thalamocortical loop, it simultaneously excitated an inhibitory path which acted on the bodies of dentate granule cells and declined the excitability of granule cells. After the injection of Urethane, the negative correlation between EPSPs and PSs were weakened.

这可能是因为：中脑网状结构上行激励系统通过丘脑-皮层回路使ECoG去同步化时，同时也通过另一途径，即隔-海马连接，激活了作用于齿状回颗粒细胞胞体的抑制性神经通路，使得颗粒细胞兴奋性降低，从而使反应动作电位总和的PS幅值减小。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。